Video

Bruships: A Special - Questions/What If's till the Bru runs out? (4)

Study Bruships: A Special - Questions/What If's till the Bru runs out? (4), a Dr. Alex Clarke video from 29 Aug 2021, with 104 time notes. Topics include Aircraft Carriers, Alternate History, Battleships.

Date
Runtime5:16:25
Guide points104 time notes

Time notes

  1. 5:02
    Researching shipbuilding trends and overlooked naval leaders

    The opening explains why comparative shipbuilding and less-studied naval leaders need more accessible research.

    Notable Point
  2. 15:27
    QuestionHow would Jutland change if Germany pursued fast battleships after its first dreadnoughts?Answer

    Germany gains speed, but provokes a British industrial and design response that changes both fleets.

    Q&A
  3. 26:48
    QuestionWhat if von Spee had commanded the High Seas Fleet?Answer

    He could be a more elusive and flexible commander, though Germany would still face severe strategic odds.

    Q&A
  4. 32:54
    QuestionWhat belt-to-deck armor ratio is reasonable for a dreadnought-era design?Answer

    It depends on the expected fight, but long-range designs need substantially more deck armor than close-range concepts.

    Q&A
  5. 37:15
    QuestionWould the United States have been better off taking Taiwan rather than the Philippines?Answer

    It would be strategically consequential, but it requires a radically different earlier war and likely worsens relations with Japan.

    Q&A
  6. 39:14
    QuestionHow would World War I change if Italy joined Germany and Austria-Hungary?Answer

    The Mediterranean becomes far more contested, but logistics and geography still constrain the Central Powers.

    Q&A
  7. 42:27
    QuestionWhat if the Washington Treaty limited light cruisers to 8,000 tons?Answer

    The whole treaty hierarchy would likely inflate rather than producing only larger light cruisers.

    Q&A
  8. 46:39
    QuestionWhat vessel might make the most sense if built with a concrete hull?Answer

    A slow convoy-protection sloop is the most plausible fit, not a high-speed combatant.

    Q&A
  9. 48:29
    QuestionIf pre-dreadnoughts were already obsolete before 1914, what useful work could they still do?Answer

    They could guard ports and convoys and reinforce secondary theatres where cruisers and raiders could not safely challenge them.

    Q&A
  10. 49:48
    QuestionWould Germany have been better served by abandoning capital ships for smaller ships, aircraft, and guns?Answer

    Not necessarily: capital ships tied down British resources even when they were individually outmatched.

    Q&A
  11. 56:54
    QuestionWhy did HMS Glorious carry only one .50-calibre machine gun, and where was it fitted?Answer

    It appears to have been an acquired one-off, probably on a bridge wing, although the exact location is uncertain.

    Q&A
  12. 57:36
    QuestionWhat would an F3-versus-Bismarck engagement look like?Answer

    The F3 is a dangerous opponent with a strong forward battery, speed, and armor, though the first effective hits remain decisive.

    Q&A
  13. 1:00:56
    QuestionWould small-tube boilers still work with Germany's lower-grade coal?Answer

    Yes, if designed for that fuel, although soot and reduced performance would remain problems.

    Q&A
  14. 1:02:02
    QuestionWhat if Germany abandoned battleships for carriers and tried to strike the Royal Navy in the North Sea?Answer

    It could produce a Coral Sea-like carrier battle, but Britain would rapidly adapt and retain important geographic advantages.

    Q&A
  15. 1:07:13
    QuestionHow fast could a 16-inch-class shell theoretically be fired with the best available or conceivable technology?Answer

    A working railgun could reach several times the speed of sound, but the exact velocity depends on the launcher and projectile.

    Q&A
  16. 1:08:21
    QuestionWhat if the Grand Fleet adopted Vickers 14-inch guns instead of 13.5-inch guns?Answer

    The caliber change could shift the entire British capital-ship sequence and later modernization choices.

    Q&A
  17. 1:16:51
    QuestionWhy did Emerald and Enterprise take so long to enter service, and what made them useful?Answer

    They served as test beds whose machinery, turrets, and operating experience informed later Royal Navy light cruisers.

    Q&A
  18. 1:19:25
    QuestionWhat if Yamato and Musashi replaced Hiei and Kirishima at Guadalcanal?Answer

    They make hits far more damaging, but the key variables are early Japanese radar and whether the United States can support a heavier response.

    Q&A
  19. 1:24:40
    QuestionWhat if the United States took Taiwan instead of retaking the Philippines after World War II?Answer

    Taiwan might become an American-backed state before Chiang's retreat, producing a very different postwar settlement.

    Q&A
  20. 1:27:07
    QuestionWhat if K-class submarines retained and developed rotating deck torpedo launchers?Answer

    It offers tactical flexibility, but the mechanical and hull-design penalties explain why it is not a simple improvement.

    Q&A
  21. 1:32:44
    QuestionWhat if Germany built twice as many good dreadnoughts year after year?Answer

    Britain would expand in response, producing a ruinously expensive race that Germany is poorly placed to sustain.

    Q&A
  22. 1:38:05
    QuestionWhat happens next if Midway never occurs or neither side loses ships?Answer

    The carrier contest continues, potentially with earlier or more consequential British carrier involvement.

    Q&A
  23. 1:43:27
    QuestionWhat if naval treaties gave cruisers the same displacement limit as battleships?Answer

    The categories would become distorted, so cruisers would still need a separate individual and aggregate tonnage regime.

    Q&A
  24. 1:45:53
    QuestionWould Italy joining the Central Powers in 1914 make the fall of Paris inevitable through Savoy?Answer

    No; the Alpine front, poor Austro-Italian cooperation, and additional Allied imperial troops make a quick route to Paris unlikely.

    Q&A
  25. 1:50:15
    QuestionWas Germany's biggest contribution to the dreadnought arms race the number of ships built rather than technological leadership?Answer

    Largely yes; Germany drove British numbers, while Italy, the United States, and Japan also pushed technical development.

    Q&A
  26. 1:51:53
    QuestionWhat did pre-dreadnoughts actually do during the First World War?Answer

    They handled secondary-theatre combat, port defence, convoy protection, transport, and other duties that did not require a modern battle line.

    Q&A
  27. 1:53:12
    QuestionWhat about a Scharnhorst with nine 14-inch guns?Answer

    Germany lacked a 14-inch gun programme, so the apparently neat compromise would add a major new development burden.

    Q&A
  28. 1:53:50
    QuestionWhy were the King George V-class battleships not given Atlantic bows, especially while the later ships were still on the stocks?Answer

    Their existing bow was considered adequate, while a late redesign would cost weight and construction time.

    Q&A
  29. 1:55:38
    QuestionWhat use were the King George V-class battleships if their opponents carried larger guns?Answer

    Their modern 14-inch battery, high gun count, and armor remained formidable at expected combat ranges, even though the treaty compromise aged badly.

    Q&A
  30. 2:00:38
    QuestionWhat if Germany continued developing the Deutschland class instead of building the Admiral Hipper class?Answer

    Germany gains more specialized raiders but gives up the more capable and dangerous Hipper-type heavy cruiser.

    Q&A
  31. 2:01:16
    QuestionHow would a King George V-class battleship fare against a Littorio?Answer

    The duel is competitive, but British doctrine would try to turn it into an unequal fleet action.

    Q&A
  32. 2:02:24
    QuestionWhat if Japan committed more of the Indian National Army to the war?Answer

    It could intensify unrest in India and bring Indian forces into combat against the United States, but Japan would probably still lose the war.

    Q&A
  33. 2:03:29
    QuestionWhat if the Royal Navy solved its armor-piercing shell problems after Dogger Bank?Answer

    Jutland becomes far deadlier for Germany because more damaged ships could be finished or fail to reach port.

    Q&A
  34. 2:06:00
    QuestionWhat was the theory behind Nelson and Rodney's three forward turrets, and why is the B-over-A-and-C layout controversial?Answer

    The arrangement saved armored length, but its particular superfiring geometry was less clean than the F3 alternative.

    Q&A
  35. 2:08:04
    QuestionWhat were the most obvious violations of the Washington and London naval treaties?Answer

    Italian and Japanese cruisers stand out, but the wider system tolerated modest excess while discouraging openly enormous breaches.

    Q&A
  36. 2:09:43
    QuestionWhat if two Littorio-class battleships were at Denmark Strait, either with Britain or against it?Answer

    They would be dangerous combatants, but Britain would scale its hunting force to the larger threat rather than repeat the historical deployment.

    Q&A
  37. 2:14:25
    QuestionWhat is the fastest practical rate of fire for a 16-inch naval gun?Answer

    About one round every thirty seconds with ambitious autoloading, compared with roughly forty seconds for many crewed mountings.

    Q&A
  38. 2:16:55
    Anti-colonial choices between violent empires

    Opposition to European colonialism did not make Japanese occupation benign or erase local agency under coercion.

    Notable Point
  39. 2:19:24
    QuestionWhat if the Tribal-class destroyers received true dual-purpose 4.5-inch guns?Answer

    They become much stronger anti-aircraft escorts and could pull later Royal Navy destroyer design toward the same weapon earlier.

    Q&A
  40. 2:21:34
    QuestionWhat if Britain kept two Audacious-class carriers into the 1980s and sent them to the Falklands?Answer

    They greatly improve air control and may deter Argentina from invading at all.

    Q&A
  41. 2:23:28
    QuestionHow would the war and postwar naval order change if the United States never entered the First World War?Answer

    Germany still probably loses, but later, while American influence over naval treaties and the interwar order is greatly reduced.

    Q&A
  42. 2:26:54
    QuestionWhy was HMS Furious converted, and where did her main guns go?Answer

    Furious carried 18-inch guns, which went to monitors after conversion; the exact recipient class remains unresolved.

    Q&A
  43. 2:28:05
    QuestionHow would the United States respond if Britain and Germany adopted small-tube boilers for fast battleships around 1911?Answer

    It would pursue faster successors, though congressional funding could delay how quickly American boilers and hulls caught up.

    Q&A
  44. 2:29:16
    QuestionHow well could one ship's aircraft spot gunfire for another ship?Answer

    It could be done, but assigning a dedicated aircraft to each firing ship greatly reduced confusion.

    Q&A
  45. 2:31:45
    QuestionHow could a British admiral try to 'Copenhagen' the U.S. Navy after failed Washington negotiations in 1921?Answer

    Ambush the fleet at the Panama Canal, strike East Coast infrastructure, and use imperial bases to keep the American force divided.

    Q&A
  46. 2:36:55
    QuestionWas D-Day the greatest gamble in history?Answer

    No: it was extremely dangerous for participants, but Allied preparation made it a calculated operation rather than the largest strategic gamble.

    Q&A
  47. 2:41:01
    QuestionHow would Japanese night doctrine change if it had radar in the 1930s?Answer

    It would become more gun-heavy and less dependent on long-range stealth torpedo attacks.

    Q&A
  48. 2:42:28
    QuestionHow would the Pacific war change if the United States built Midway-class carriers instead of Essexes?Answer

    Individual ships may survive better, but slower construction weakens the operational mass that the U.S. Navy relied on.

    Q&A
  49. 2:46:18
    QuestionDid anyone ever arrange a naval gun like a revolver to increase its rate of fire?Answer

    Yes, mainly for small-calibre experiments, but the mechanism proved impractical and saw little development.

    Q&A
  50. 2:48:23
    QuestionCould the United States have kept pace with Royal Navy construction if Congress had supported the Navy more strongly around 1900?Answer

    Not immediately; the United States first had to build the specialized maritime infrastructure that later made mass wartime output possible.

    Q&A
  51. 2:54:16
    A Royal Navy night-strike answer to Operation C

    Britain's plausible route to defeating the Japanese carrier force in the Indian Ocean depended on repeated night attacks and withdrawal.

    Notable Point
  52. 2:56:12
    QuestionWhat if Britain held northern Norway from Trondheim north after 1940?Answer

    It creates a costly northern front for Germany and materially changes Atlantic and Arctic naval options.

    Q&A
  53. 3:02:52
    QuestionDid Britain's rail and underground systems have an important connection to the Royal Navy?Answer

    Yes; railways were essential parts of port and dockyard logistics, and naval bases often maintained extensive internal lines.

    Q&A
  54. 3:04:26
    QuestionWould battleships and a stronger fighter patrol have saved the Japanese carriers at Midway?Answer

    They could accelerate Japan's counterstrike and inflict more damage, but probably would not prevent the carrier losses.

    Q&A
  55. 3:05:15
    QuestionCould Japan attack Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand while keeping the United States out of the Pacific war?Answer

    Japanese planners expected the United States to enter anyway, so they did not treat that as a sustainable option.

    Q&A
  56. 3:05:58
    QuestionCould the modern British armed forces increase the United Kingdom's global standing?Answer

    They had the capacity in 2021, but only with sustained funding, adequate numbers, and more efficient procurement.

    Q&A
  57. 3:09:38
    QuestionWhich British imperial victory stands out most strongly, and what role did the fleet play?Answer

    Quebec, where the fleet moved Wolfe past the French positions before the battle on the Plains of Abraham.

    Q&A
  58. 3:10:18
    QuestionHow did Germany preserve large naval-gun expertise after the First World War?Answer

    By maintaining the guns of retained pre-dreadnoughts and doing relevant industrial work for foreign customers.

    Q&A
  59. 3:12:13
    QuestionWhat did HMS Centurion do in the Mediterranean and during the Second World War?Answer

    She served as a mobile battleship decoy and anti-aircraft escort rather than returning to front-line gunnery.

    Q&A
  60. 3:15:46
    QuestionWhat would you discuss over dinner with Henderson, Vian, and Cunningham?Answer

    Their expected prewar scenario, the fleet they prepared, and the links among carrier construction, destroyer doctrine, and escort shortages.

    Q&A
  61. 3:17:04
    QuestionWhat would Britain have done if it seized the entire interned German fleet at Scapa Flow?Answer

    It would face an awkward division of war prizes among the Allies, an outcome Britain preferred to avoid.

    Q&A
  62. 3:20:33
    QuestionCould King George V enter Washington's immunity zone while remaining inside her own?Answer

    To an extent; protection and modern 14-inch performance make the fight viable, though the American 16-inch gun retains greater power.

    Q&A
  63. 3:24:41
    QuestionWould Nelsons built with 15-inch guns and more speed have been better for strategy and logistics?Answer

    Yes; the F3 route offers faster ships, common ammunition, and a stronger incentive to modernize the 15-inch gun family.

    Q&A
  64. 3:26:29
    QuestionCould Axis cooperation and synthetic-oil technology have delivered German carriers before the invasion of the Soviet Union?Answer

    Not easily; yard capacity, construction time, delivery routes, and a British counter-programme remain decisive constraints.

    Q&A
  65. 3:31:09
    QuestionWould Germany seek peace if reliable British shells turned Jutland into another Trafalgar?Answer

    Probably not immediately, but the German fleet would be crippled and Britain could release major forces for other operations.

    Q&A
  66. 3:34:50
    QuestionWhat if the British force sent to the Falklands in 1982 escorted Operation Pedestal instead?Answer

    Sea Harriers would dominate individual fights, but their limited Sidewinder supply might run out before the Axis aircraft did.

    Q&A
  67. 3:35:51
    QuestionWhat advantages and disadvantages do electrothermal-chemical guns have compared with railguns?Answer

    They improve conventional propellant performance with lower power demands, but impose difficult heat-management and barrel-life problems.

    Q&A
  68. 3:41:41
    QuestionWhat if Hood and her sisters were rebuilt as fast battleships rather than giant battlecruisers?Answer

    Hood was already close to a fast battleship in protection and role, so the counterfactual is partly a change of emphasis and modernization.

    Q&A
  69. 3:45:02
    QuestionCould a spotting aircraft see large naval shells glowing in flight from friction?Answer

    Usually not, but the turbulent wake of passing shells could be noticeable and could affect the aircraft.

    Q&A
  70. 3:46:24
    QuestionCould Germany use shell companies in neutral countries to build ships secretly before the Second World War?Answer

    Only plausibly as fast merchant hulls later converted into surface raiders, not as warships hidden in plain sight.

    Q&A
  71. 3:50:18
    QuestionHow would events change if Britain and Japan remained allies into the Second World War?Answer

    Britain would be less aligned with the United States, changing the diplomatic foundation on which the Pacific war developed.

    Q&A
  72. 3:52:00
    QuestionHow useful was the San Giorgio class as a bombardment ship in the Second World War?Answer

    Very useful for bombardment and slow convoy protection because it preserved modern battleships for more demanding operations.

    Q&A
  73. 3:53:50
    QuestionWhat would the Soviet fleet look like in 1944 or 1945 if the war did not begin until 1942?Answer

    It would have somewhat more ships, but probably no major transformation because large naval programmes still moved slowly.

    Q&A
  74. 3:55:36
    QuestionDid the Royal Navy have good results with radar-directed 40 mm guns in the Falklands?Answer

    Yes, but there were too few; wider fitting would probably have reduced ship damage.

    Q&A
  75. 3:59:15
    Milne Bay and a failed Japanese amphibious assault

    Milne Bay paired Japanese naval landing forces and cruiser support against a well-defended Australian position.

    Notable Point
  76. 4:01:50
    QuestionWhat if Hugh Dowding received Far East Command instead of Arthur Percival?Answer

    The command would emphasize radar, concentrated fighter defence, and air cover for Force Z, though institutional resistance would remain.

    Q&A
  77. 4:05:23
    QuestionWhat ships would Japan keep or build if the United States used it against the Soviet Far East after 1945?Answer

    Amphibious ships, cruisers, and a few bombardment battleships would matter more than carriers, destroyers, or submarines.

    Q&A
  78. 4:08:30
    QuestionWould the Royal Navy want a carrier and a flotilla of Fletcher-class destroyers on loan?Answer

    It might accept the carrier, but the Fletchers would duplicate British destroyers while imposing a separate support system.

    Q&A
  79. 4:11:47
    QuestionHow much would American carrier design change if a U.S. yard built a Malta-class carrier for the Royal Navy?Answer

    Probably little, because Midway and Malta already emerged from extensive wartime exchange between the two construction organizations.

    Q&A
  80. 4:12:45
    QuestionWould Fisher's preferred battlecruiser programme lead Britain to skip the KGV class and mass-produce Ark Royals?Answer

    Probably not; Britain would still build a KGV-type class, while the different inheritance could favour Admiral-class carrier conversions.

    Q&A
  81. 4:14:46
    QuestionWhat was the best all-purpose secondary and destroyer gun of the Second World War?Answer

    The U.S. 5-inch/38, chiefly because its complete system was mature and widely deployed; the British 4.5-inch was the closest rival.

    Q&A
  82. 4:15:49
    QuestionWould Royal Navy losses in a sustained Norwegian campaign be at least as bad as those off Greece?Answer

    They would be serious, but the earlier Luftwaffe, wider waters, and larger support base make the comparison less direct.

    Q&A
  83. 4:19:01
    QuestionWhat might the proposed U.S. competitor to the Kiev class have looked like, and how would it be used?Answer

    A strike cruiser with Harriers and Aegis could lead surface action groups and provide limited sea control away from a supercarrier.

    Q&A
  84. 4:20:45
    QuestionAre there plans to relay old British railway lines if war or another emergency requires them?Answer

    Probably, but some lines were already being restored for current transport policy and would add resilience in advance.

    Q&A
  85. 4:22:51
    Reading the Jutland naval staff appreciation

    The published naval staff appreciation offers the Royal Navy's full analytical report with modern editorial material and diagrams.

    Notable Point
  86. 4:25:32
    QuestionWhat if the Allied pre-dreadnought force had pushed through to Istanbul during the Dardanelles campaign?Answer

    A breakthrough could force the Ottoman Empire out of the war, and the defenders lacked a ship able to defeat the whole Allied force.

    Q&A
  87. 4:26:38
    QuestionHow would U.S. naval strategy change if the Philippines became a state after the Second World War?Answer

    The Navy would be more forward-based, and South China Sea disputes would directly involve U.S. territory and waters.

    Q&A
  88. 4:31:34
    QuestionWhy did Britain build Crown Colony-class cruisers instead of more Edinburgh-type Towns once treaty limits were fading?Answer

    They were intended as faster, cheaper war-build Towns that preserved most of the larger design's capability.

    Q&A
  89. 4:33:23
    QuestionWould a surviving Anglo-Japanese Alliance force Britain to declare war on the United States after Pearl Harbor?Answer

    Not automatically; the treaty might instead oblige Japan to help Britain against Germany and Italy.

    Q&A
  90. 4:36:16
    QuestionWhy did Britain not deploy a battleship to Korea?Answer

    Unicorn and Daring-class destroyers could provide the required bombardment without the burden of a battleship.

    Q&A
  91. 4:37:28
    QuestionWhat if Patton and MacArthur exchanged postwar commands?Answer

    Patton might still use an amphibious hook in Korea but would bring a stronger logistical focus, while MacArthur would complicate European command.

    Q&A
  92. 4:42:48
    QuestionDo we know what ships looked like at night through Imperial Japanese Navy optics?Answer

    Not directly, but a digital reconstruction project could simulate the view from surviving technical evidence.

    Q&A
  93. 4:43:28
    QuestionAre ships ordered to leave port before a hurricane, or does each captain decide?Answer

    Navies try to sortie them early, although a storm's changing track can make the offshore route dangerous too.

    Q&A
  94. 4:45:01
    When programmable torpedo guidance becomes practical

    A guidance feature can exist years before ordinary wartime crews can set, maintain, and trust it reliably.

    Notable Point
  95. 4:48:07
    Evidence and respect in historical debate

    Serious historical discussion requires evidence, clear boundaries against denial, and respect that keeps participants learning.

    Notable Point
  96. 4:50:02
    QuestionWhat if the Royal Navy had also sunk the Argentine carrier during the Falklands War?Answer

    Argentina loses another major naval option, while the sinking becomes a uniquely important post-1945 lesson in carrier vulnerability.

    Q&A
  97. 4:52:40
    QuestionHow would British aircraft development change if the RAF had never been created after the First World War?Answer

    Tactical and naval aviation would be stronger, joint types could survive, and the heavy-bomber force would probably be weaker.

    Q&A
  98. 4:56:16
    QuestionWhat specifications were proposed for the L73 'super Tribal' destroyer?Answer

    Use the postwar Daring class as the closest comparison; it is recalled as about 150 tons heavier.

    Q&A
  99. 4:56:53
    QuestionWhat would happen to the Royal Navy if HMS Invincible were sunk during the Falklands War?Answer

    Britain would probably retain its other light carriers and be pushed toward a larger fixed-wing-AEW carrier much earlier.

    Q&A
  100. 5:00:50
    QuestionMight the Queen Elizabeth-class carriers receive catapults during a mid-life refit?Answer

    Possibly, especially if future Anglo-American UCAVs require catapult launch rather than short take-off.

    Q&A
  101. 5:02:08
    QuestionWhy were the Weapon-class destroyers built, and what problem were they meant to solve?Answer

    They matched medium-sized yards that could not build Battle-class ships, preserving production capacity for a longer war.

    Q&A
  102. 5:02:53
    QuestionWhy were cruisers not sent to support the Dunkirk rear guard with naval gunfire?Answer

    They could have helped, but the Royal Navy held them back because no one requested their deployment.

    Q&A
  103. 5:03:26
    QuestionIs the RAF receiving F-35Bs alongside the Royal Navy?Answer

    Yes; it is a joint programme, and embarked squadrons can combine RAF identity with Royal Navy command.

    Q&A
  104. 5:03:53
    QuestionWill the United States build the full planned Ford class, and how could it accelerate carrier production?Answer

    The four named ships looked secure, but later hulls depend on Chinese competition and would require more construction capacity or a smaller design.

    Q&A