Video
Bruships: A Special - Questions/What If's till the Bru runs out? (4)
Study Bruships: A Special - Questions/What If's till the Bru runs out? (4), a Dr. Alex Clarke video from 29 Aug 2021, with 104 time notes. Topics include Aircraft Carriers, Alternate History, Battleships.
Time notes
- 5:02Researching shipbuilding trends and overlooked naval leadersNotable Point
The opening explains why comparative shipbuilding and less-studied naval leaders need more accessible research.
- 15:27QuestionHow would Jutland change if Germany pursued fast battleships after its first dreadnoughts?AnswerQ&A
Germany gains speed, but provokes a British industrial and design response that changes both fleets.
- 26:48QuestionWhat if von Spee had commanded the High Seas Fleet?AnswerQ&A
He could be a more elusive and flexible commander, though Germany would still face severe strategic odds.
- 32:54QuestionWhat belt-to-deck armor ratio is reasonable for a dreadnought-era design?AnswerQ&A
It depends on the expected fight, but long-range designs need substantially more deck armor than close-range concepts.
- 37:15QuestionWould the United States have been better off taking Taiwan rather than the Philippines?AnswerQ&A
It would be strategically consequential, but it requires a radically different earlier war and likely worsens relations with Japan.
- 39:14QuestionHow would World War I change if Italy joined Germany and Austria-Hungary?AnswerQ&A
The Mediterranean becomes far more contested, but logistics and geography still constrain the Central Powers.
- 42:27QuestionWhat if the Washington Treaty limited light cruisers to 8,000 tons?AnswerQ&A
The whole treaty hierarchy would likely inflate rather than producing only larger light cruisers.
- 46:39QuestionWhat vessel might make the most sense if built with a concrete hull?AnswerQ&A
A slow convoy-protection sloop is the most plausible fit, not a high-speed combatant.
- 48:29QuestionIf pre-dreadnoughts were already obsolete before 1914, what useful work could they still do?AnswerQ&A
They could guard ports and convoys and reinforce secondary theatres where cruisers and raiders could not safely challenge them.
- 49:48QuestionWould Germany have been better served by abandoning capital ships for smaller ships, aircraft, and guns?AnswerQ&A
Not necessarily: capital ships tied down British resources even when they were individually outmatched.
- 56:54QuestionWhy did HMS Glorious carry only one .50-calibre machine gun, and where was it fitted?AnswerQ&A
It appears to have been an acquired one-off, probably on a bridge wing, although the exact location is uncertain.
- 57:36QuestionWhat would an F3-versus-Bismarck engagement look like?AnswerQ&A
The F3 is a dangerous opponent with a strong forward battery, speed, and armor, though the first effective hits remain decisive.
- 1:00:56QuestionWould small-tube boilers still work with Germany's lower-grade coal?AnswerQ&A
Yes, if designed for that fuel, although soot and reduced performance would remain problems.
- 1:02:02QuestionWhat if Germany abandoned battleships for carriers and tried to strike the Royal Navy in the North Sea?AnswerQ&A
It could produce a Coral Sea-like carrier battle, but Britain would rapidly adapt and retain important geographic advantages.
- 1:07:13QuestionHow fast could a 16-inch-class shell theoretically be fired with the best available or conceivable technology?AnswerQ&A
A working railgun could reach several times the speed of sound, but the exact velocity depends on the launcher and projectile.
- 1:08:21QuestionWhat if the Grand Fleet adopted Vickers 14-inch guns instead of 13.5-inch guns?AnswerQ&A
The caliber change could shift the entire British capital-ship sequence and later modernization choices.
- 1:16:51QuestionWhy did Emerald and Enterprise take so long to enter service, and what made them useful?AnswerQ&A
They served as test beds whose machinery, turrets, and operating experience informed later Royal Navy light cruisers.
- 1:19:25QuestionWhat if Yamato and Musashi replaced Hiei and Kirishima at Guadalcanal?AnswerQ&A
They make hits far more damaging, but the key variables are early Japanese radar and whether the United States can support a heavier response.
- 1:24:40QuestionWhat if the United States took Taiwan instead of retaking the Philippines after World War II?AnswerQ&A
Taiwan might become an American-backed state before Chiang's retreat, producing a very different postwar settlement.
- 1:27:07QuestionWhat if K-class submarines retained and developed rotating deck torpedo launchers?AnswerQ&A
It offers tactical flexibility, but the mechanical and hull-design penalties explain why it is not a simple improvement.
- 1:32:44QuestionWhat if Germany built twice as many good dreadnoughts year after year?AnswerQ&A
Britain would expand in response, producing a ruinously expensive race that Germany is poorly placed to sustain.
- 1:38:05QuestionWhat happens next if Midway never occurs or neither side loses ships?AnswerQ&A
The carrier contest continues, potentially with earlier or more consequential British carrier involvement.
- 1:43:27QuestionWhat if naval treaties gave cruisers the same displacement limit as battleships?AnswerQ&A
The categories would become distorted, so cruisers would still need a separate individual and aggregate tonnage regime.
- 1:45:53QuestionWould Italy joining the Central Powers in 1914 make the fall of Paris inevitable through Savoy?AnswerQ&A
No; the Alpine front, poor Austro-Italian cooperation, and additional Allied imperial troops make a quick route to Paris unlikely.
- 1:50:15QuestionWas Germany's biggest contribution to the dreadnought arms race the number of ships built rather than technological leadership?AnswerQ&A
Largely yes; Germany drove British numbers, while Italy, the United States, and Japan also pushed technical development.
- 1:51:53QuestionWhat did pre-dreadnoughts actually do during the First World War?AnswerQ&A
They handled secondary-theatre combat, port defence, convoy protection, transport, and other duties that did not require a modern battle line.
- 1:53:12QuestionWhat about a Scharnhorst with nine 14-inch guns?AnswerQ&A
Germany lacked a 14-inch gun programme, so the apparently neat compromise would add a major new development burden.
- 1:53:50QuestionWhy were the King George V-class battleships not given Atlantic bows, especially while the later ships were still on the stocks?AnswerQ&A
Their existing bow was considered adequate, while a late redesign would cost weight and construction time.
- 1:55:38QuestionWhat use were the King George V-class battleships if their opponents carried larger guns?AnswerQ&A
Their modern 14-inch battery, high gun count, and armor remained formidable at expected combat ranges, even though the treaty compromise aged badly.
- 2:00:38QuestionWhat if Germany continued developing the Deutschland class instead of building the Admiral Hipper class?AnswerQ&A
Germany gains more specialized raiders but gives up the more capable and dangerous Hipper-type heavy cruiser.
- 2:01:16QuestionHow would a King George V-class battleship fare against a Littorio?AnswerQ&A
The duel is competitive, but British doctrine would try to turn it into an unequal fleet action.
- 2:02:24QuestionWhat if Japan committed more of the Indian National Army to the war?AnswerQ&A
It could intensify unrest in India and bring Indian forces into combat against the United States, but Japan would probably still lose the war.
- 2:03:29QuestionWhat if the Royal Navy solved its armor-piercing shell problems after Dogger Bank?AnswerQ&A
Jutland becomes far deadlier for Germany because more damaged ships could be finished or fail to reach port.
- 2:06:00QuestionWhat was the theory behind Nelson and Rodney's three forward turrets, and why is the B-over-A-and-C layout controversial?AnswerQ&A
The arrangement saved armored length, but its particular superfiring geometry was less clean than the F3 alternative.
- 2:08:04QuestionWhat were the most obvious violations of the Washington and London naval treaties?AnswerQ&A
Italian and Japanese cruisers stand out, but the wider system tolerated modest excess while discouraging openly enormous breaches.
- 2:09:43QuestionWhat if two Littorio-class battleships were at Denmark Strait, either with Britain or against it?AnswerQ&A
They would be dangerous combatants, but Britain would scale its hunting force to the larger threat rather than repeat the historical deployment.
- 2:14:25QuestionWhat is the fastest practical rate of fire for a 16-inch naval gun?AnswerQ&A
About one round every thirty seconds with ambitious autoloading, compared with roughly forty seconds for many crewed mountings.
- 2:16:55Anti-colonial choices between violent empiresNotable Point
Opposition to European colonialism did not make Japanese occupation benign or erase local agency under coercion.
- 2:19:24QuestionWhat if the Tribal-class destroyers received true dual-purpose 4.5-inch guns?AnswerQ&A
They become much stronger anti-aircraft escorts and could pull later Royal Navy destroyer design toward the same weapon earlier.
- 2:21:34QuestionWhat if Britain kept two Audacious-class carriers into the 1980s and sent them to the Falklands?AnswerQ&A
They greatly improve air control and may deter Argentina from invading at all.
- 2:23:28QuestionHow would the war and postwar naval order change if the United States never entered the First World War?AnswerQ&A
Germany still probably loses, but later, while American influence over naval treaties and the interwar order is greatly reduced.
- 2:26:54QuestionWhy was HMS Furious converted, and where did her main guns go?AnswerQ&A
Furious carried 18-inch guns, which went to monitors after conversion; the exact recipient class remains unresolved.
- 2:28:05QuestionHow would the United States respond if Britain and Germany adopted small-tube boilers for fast battleships around 1911?AnswerQ&A
It would pursue faster successors, though congressional funding could delay how quickly American boilers and hulls caught up.
- 2:29:16QuestionHow well could one ship's aircraft spot gunfire for another ship?AnswerQ&A
It could be done, but assigning a dedicated aircraft to each firing ship greatly reduced confusion.
- 2:31:45QuestionHow could a British admiral try to 'Copenhagen' the U.S. Navy after failed Washington negotiations in 1921?AnswerQ&A
Ambush the fleet at the Panama Canal, strike East Coast infrastructure, and use imperial bases to keep the American force divided.
- 2:36:55QuestionWas D-Day the greatest gamble in history?AnswerQ&A
No: it was extremely dangerous for participants, but Allied preparation made it a calculated operation rather than the largest strategic gamble.
- 2:41:01QuestionHow would Japanese night doctrine change if it had radar in the 1930s?AnswerQ&A
It would become more gun-heavy and less dependent on long-range stealth torpedo attacks.
- 2:42:28QuestionHow would the Pacific war change if the United States built Midway-class carriers instead of Essexes?AnswerQ&A
Individual ships may survive better, but slower construction weakens the operational mass that the U.S. Navy relied on.
- 2:46:18QuestionDid anyone ever arrange a naval gun like a revolver to increase its rate of fire?AnswerQ&A
Yes, mainly for small-calibre experiments, but the mechanism proved impractical and saw little development.
- 2:48:23QuestionCould the United States have kept pace with Royal Navy construction if Congress had supported the Navy more strongly around 1900?AnswerQ&A
Not immediately; the United States first had to build the specialized maritime infrastructure that later made mass wartime output possible.
- 2:54:16A Royal Navy night-strike answer to Operation CNotable Point
Britain's plausible route to defeating the Japanese carrier force in the Indian Ocean depended on repeated night attacks and withdrawal.
- 2:56:12QuestionWhat if Britain held northern Norway from Trondheim north after 1940?AnswerQ&A
It creates a costly northern front for Germany and materially changes Atlantic and Arctic naval options.
- 3:02:52QuestionDid Britain's rail and underground systems have an important connection to the Royal Navy?AnswerQ&A
Yes; railways were essential parts of port and dockyard logistics, and naval bases often maintained extensive internal lines.
- 3:04:26QuestionWould battleships and a stronger fighter patrol have saved the Japanese carriers at Midway?AnswerQ&A
They could accelerate Japan's counterstrike and inflict more damage, but probably would not prevent the carrier losses.
- 3:05:15QuestionCould Japan attack Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand while keeping the United States out of the Pacific war?AnswerQ&A
Japanese planners expected the United States to enter anyway, so they did not treat that as a sustainable option.
- 3:05:58QuestionCould the modern British armed forces increase the United Kingdom's global standing?AnswerQ&A
They had the capacity in 2021, but only with sustained funding, adequate numbers, and more efficient procurement.
- 3:09:38QuestionWhich British imperial victory stands out most strongly, and what role did the fleet play?AnswerQ&A
Quebec, where the fleet moved Wolfe past the French positions before the battle on the Plains of Abraham.
- 3:10:18QuestionHow did Germany preserve large naval-gun expertise after the First World War?AnswerQ&A
By maintaining the guns of retained pre-dreadnoughts and doing relevant industrial work for foreign customers.
- 3:12:13QuestionWhat did HMS Centurion do in the Mediterranean and during the Second World War?AnswerQ&A
She served as a mobile battleship decoy and anti-aircraft escort rather than returning to front-line gunnery.
- 3:15:46QuestionWhat would you discuss over dinner with Henderson, Vian, and Cunningham?AnswerQ&A
Their expected prewar scenario, the fleet they prepared, and the links among carrier construction, destroyer doctrine, and escort shortages.
- 3:17:04QuestionWhat would Britain have done if it seized the entire interned German fleet at Scapa Flow?AnswerQ&A
It would face an awkward division of war prizes among the Allies, an outcome Britain preferred to avoid.
- 3:20:33QuestionCould King George V enter Washington's immunity zone while remaining inside her own?AnswerQ&A
To an extent; protection and modern 14-inch performance make the fight viable, though the American 16-inch gun retains greater power.
- 3:24:41QuestionWould Nelsons built with 15-inch guns and more speed have been better for strategy and logistics?AnswerQ&A
Yes; the F3 route offers faster ships, common ammunition, and a stronger incentive to modernize the 15-inch gun family.
- 3:26:29QuestionCould Axis cooperation and synthetic-oil technology have delivered German carriers before the invasion of the Soviet Union?AnswerQ&A
Not easily; yard capacity, construction time, delivery routes, and a British counter-programme remain decisive constraints.
- 3:31:09QuestionWould Germany seek peace if reliable British shells turned Jutland into another Trafalgar?AnswerQ&A
Probably not immediately, but the German fleet would be crippled and Britain could release major forces for other operations.
- 3:34:50QuestionWhat if the British force sent to the Falklands in 1982 escorted Operation Pedestal instead?AnswerQ&A
Sea Harriers would dominate individual fights, but their limited Sidewinder supply might run out before the Axis aircraft did.
- 3:35:51QuestionWhat advantages and disadvantages do electrothermal-chemical guns have compared with railguns?AnswerQ&A
They improve conventional propellant performance with lower power demands, but impose difficult heat-management and barrel-life problems.
- 3:41:41QuestionWhat if Hood and her sisters were rebuilt as fast battleships rather than giant battlecruisers?AnswerQ&A
Hood was already close to a fast battleship in protection and role, so the counterfactual is partly a change of emphasis and modernization.
- 3:45:02QuestionCould a spotting aircraft see large naval shells glowing in flight from friction?AnswerQ&A
Usually not, but the turbulent wake of passing shells could be noticeable and could affect the aircraft.
- 3:46:24QuestionCould Germany use shell companies in neutral countries to build ships secretly before the Second World War?AnswerQ&A
Only plausibly as fast merchant hulls later converted into surface raiders, not as warships hidden in plain sight.
- 3:50:18QuestionHow would events change if Britain and Japan remained allies into the Second World War?AnswerQ&A
Britain would be less aligned with the United States, changing the diplomatic foundation on which the Pacific war developed.
- 3:52:00QuestionHow useful was the San Giorgio class as a bombardment ship in the Second World War?AnswerQ&A
Very useful for bombardment and slow convoy protection because it preserved modern battleships for more demanding operations.
- 3:53:50QuestionWhat would the Soviet fleet look like in 1944 or 1945 if the war did not begin until 1942?AnswerQ&A
It would have somewhat more ships, but probably no major transformation because large naval programmes still moved slowly.
- 3:55:36QuestionDid the Royal Navy have good results with radar-directed 40 mm guns in the Falklands?AnswerQ&A
Yes, but there were too few; wider fitting would probably have reduced ship damage.
- 3:59:15Milne Bay and a failed Japanese amphibious assaultNotable Point
Milne Bay paired Japanese naval landing forces and cruiser support against a well-defended Australian position.
- 4:01:50QuestionWhat if Hugh Dowding received Far East Command instead of Arthur Percival?AnswerQ&A
The command would emphasize radar, concentrated fighter defence, and air cover for Force Z, though institutional resistance would remain.
- 4:05:23QuestionWhat ships would Japan keep or build if the United States used it against the Soviet Far East after 1945?AnswerQ&A
Amphibious ships, cruisers, and a few bombardment battleships would matter more than carriers, destroyers, or submarines.
- 4:08:30QuestionWould the Royal Navy want a carrier and a flotilla of Fletcher-class destroyers on loan?AnswerQ&A
It might accept the carrier, but the Fletchers would duplicate British destroyers while imposing a separate support system.
- 4:11:47QuestionHow much would American carrier design change if a U.S. yard built a Malta-class carrier for the Royal Navy?AnswerQ&A
Probably little, because Midway and Malta already emerged from extensive wartime exchange between the two construction organizations.
- 4:12:45QuestionWould Fisher's preferred battlecruiser programme lead Britain to skip the KGV class and mass-produce Ark Royals?AnswerQ&A
Probably not; Britain would still build a KGV-type class, while the different inheritance could favour Admiral-class carrier conversions.
- 4:14:46QuestionWhat was the best all-purpose secondary and destroyer gun of the Second World War?AnswerQ&A
The U.S. 5-inch/38, chiefly because its complete system was mature and widely deployed; the British 4.5-inch was the closest rival.
- 4:15:49QuestionWould Royal Navy losses in a sustained Norwegian campaign be at least as bad as those off Greece?AnswerQ&A
They would be serious, but the earlier Luftwaffe, wider waters, and larger support base make the comparison less direct.
- 4:19:01QuestionWhat might the proposed U.S. competitor to the Kiev class have looked like, and how would it be used?AnswerQ&A
A strike cruiser with Harriers and Aegis could lead surface action groups and provide limited sea control away from a supercarrier.
- 4:20:45QuestionAre there plans to relay old British railway lines if war or another emergency requires them?AnswerQ&A
Probably, but some lines were already being restored for current transport policy and would add resilience in advance.
- 4:22:51Reading the Jutland naval staff appreciationNotable Point
The published naval staff appreciation offers the Royal Navy's full analytical report with modern editorial material and diagrams.
- 4:25:32QuestionWhat if the Allied pre-dreadnought force had pushed through to Istanbul during the Dardanelles campaign?AnswerQ&A
A breakthrough could force the Ottoman Empire out of the war, and the defenders lacked a ship able to defeat the whole Allied force.
- 4:26:38QuestionHow would U.S. naval strategy change if the Philippines became a state after the Second World War?AnswerQ&A
The Navy would be more forward-based, and South China Sea disputes would directly involve U.S. territory and waters.
- 4:31:34QuestionWhy did Britain build Crown Colony-class cruisers instead of more Edinburgh-type Towns once treaty limits were fading?AnswerQ&A
They were intended as faster, cheaper war-build Towns that preserved most of the larger design's capability.
- 4:33:23QuestionWould a surviving Anglo-Japanese Alliance force Britain to declare war on the United States after Pearl Harbor?AnswerQ&A
Not automatically; the treaty might instead oblige Japan to help Britain against Germany and Italy.
- 4:36:16QuestionWhy did Britain not deploy a battleship to Korea?AnswerQ&A
Unicorn and Daring-class destroyers could provide the required bombardment without the burden of a battleship.
- 4:37:28QuestionWhat if Patton and MacArthur exchanged postwar commands?AnswerQ&A
Patton might still use an amphibious hook in Korea but would bring a stronger logistical focus, while MacArthur would complicate European command.
- 4:42:48QuestionDo we know what ships looked like at night through Imperial Japanese Navy optics?AnswerQ&A
Not directly, but a digital reconstruction project could simulate the view from surviving technical evidence.
- 4:43:28QuestionAre ships ordered to leave port before a hurricane, or does each captain decide?AnswerQ&A
Navies try to sortie them early, although a storm's changing track can make the offshore route dangerous too.
- 4:45:01When programmable torpedo guidance becomes practicalNotable Point
A guidance feature can exist years before ordinary wartime crews can set, maintain, and trust it reliably.
- 4:48:07Evidence and respect in historical debateNotable Point
Serious historical discussion requires evidence, clear boundaries against denial, and respect that keeps participants learning.
- 4:50:02QuestionWhat if the Royal Navy had also sunk the Argentine carrier during the Falklands War?AnswerQ&A
Argentina loses another major naval option, while the sinking becomes a uniquely important post-1945 lesson in carrier vulnerability.
- 4:52:40QuestionHow would British aircraft development change if the RAF had never been created after the First World War?AnswerQ&A
Tactical and naval aviation would be stronger, joint types could survive, and the heavy-bomber force would probably be weaker.
- 4:56:16QuestionWhat specifications were proposed for the L73 'super Tribal' destroyer?AnswerQ&A
Use the postwar Daring class as the closest comparison; it is recalled as about 150 tons heavier.
- 4:56:53QuestionWhat would happen to the Royal Navy if HMS Invincible were sunk during the Falklands War?AnswerQ&A
Britain would probably retain its other light carriers and be pushed toward a larger fixed-wing-AEW carrier much earlier.
- 5:00:50QuestionMight the Queen Elizabeth-class carriers receive catapults during a mid-life refit?AnswerQ&A
Possibly, especially if future Anglo-American UCAVs require catapult launch rather than short take-off.
- 5:02:08QuestionWhy were the Weapon-class destroyers built, and what problem were they meant to solve?AnswerQ&A
They matched medium-sized yards that could not build Battle-class ships, preserving production capacity for a longer war.
- 5:02:53QuestionWhy were cruisers not sent to support the Dunkirk rear guard with naval gunfire?AnswerQ&A
They could have helped, but the Royal Navy held them back because no one requested their deployment.
- 5:03:26QuestionIs the RAF receiving F-35Bs alongside the Royal Navy?AnswerQ&A
Yes; it is a joint programme, and embarked squadrons can combine RAF identity with Royal Navy command.
- 5:03:53QuestionWill the United States build the full planned Ford class, and how could it accelerate carrier production?AnswerQ&A
The four named ships looked secure, but later hulls depend on Chinese competition and would require more construction capacity or a smaller design.