How would the war and postwar naval order change if the United States never entered the First World War?
Short answerGermany still probably loses, but later, while American influence over naval treaties and the interwar order is greatly reduced.
NotesAmerican convoy escorts were useful against submarines and American troops helped stabilize the French front, although the British offensive was already pushing Germany toward defeat. Without American entry, the war would probably end later rather than reverse, perhaps in early 1919. The deeper consequence comes after the armistice: a United States that stayed outside the war would have less credibility when proposing naval limits or collective security. Without Washington-style treaties and the same League of Nations settlement, Britain might retain a closer alliance with Japan. A later world war could still emerge from economic collapse and political extremism, but its naval alignments would look very different.