Complete directory
Explore every watch point in reverse video-date order, then in timestamp order within each video.
The opening frames Polish, Greek, Dutch, and Norwegian submarine choices as problems of limited budgets, geography, and force design.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The Polish Wilk class combined torpedoes, forty mines, useful speed, and a compact displacement suited to Baltic sea denial.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The larger Dutch-built Orzel class carried a formidable torpedo battery, but the loss of dedicated minelaying reduced its flexibility for a small navy.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Torpedo launch depends on pressure equalization, making the transition between surfaced and submerged states an unsafe time to fire.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Orzel vanished on patrol in 1940, leaving mines, aircraft attack, and unidentified wrecks as competing explanations for her loss.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The old American S-25 became Polish Jastrzab and was lost when an Allied convoy escort attacked a submarine inside the convoy's diverted route.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Polish submariners continued the war in British-built boats, including Sokol and Dzik, whose Mediterranean service earned a strong reputation.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The U class was an operational coastal submarine developed before the war, not a training type improvised after hostilities began.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Greece operated French-designed boats in demanding Mediterranean conditions while budgets restricted replacement and modernization.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Katsonis and Papanikolis served with skill in patrol and special-operations work despite losses and reported equipment weaknesses.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The Protefs-class story combines heavy wartime losses with a clear Greek contingency plan to send surviving submarines to Alexandria under Royal Navy coordination.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Interwar moored mines needed dedicated drop tubes, explaining why mine warfare could not simply be added to every torpedo-only submarine.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
A submerged endurance of about 100 nautical miles at five knots gave Greece's Protefs-class boats useful options for quiet movement with Mediterranean currents.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
A through-hull mine tube offers a possible starting point for a missile cell, but it would need a new structure to support and launch the weapon.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Late-war transfers gave Greece an Italian Perla-class prize and British V-class boats, though few Axis naval targets remained by then.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Submarine deployment was considered, but aircraft were the easier and more common means of laying magnetic mines.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Malta's submarines exploited constrained Axis convoy routes, combining harbor surveillance with attacks against traffic forced through a narrow operating area.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
A British-built 1915 submarine became a Dutch training boat and, after being scuttled and raised, a German trainer in World War II.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Dutch submarine development balanced North Sea needs with the long ranges and tropical service demanded by the East Indies.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The oldest colonial K boats entered World War II with little combat value, and even training use exposed their age and mechanical limits.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The K XI class combined long East Indies range with mixed-caliber torpedoes, while its wartime service extended from attacks on Japanese shipping to intelligence landings.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
K XIV-class boats replaced mixed-caliber armament with 21-inch torpedoes and trainable external mounts, then fought an effective but costly campaign against Japan.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The elderly O 9 class illustrates how diving cycles consume pressure-hull life and how Germany spent years trying to recover a marginal captured boat.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The four O 12-class boats split between German capture, Allied patrols, an unresolved disappearance, and the cannibalization needed to keep one survivor running.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
O 16 sank or damaged several Japanese ships in the first days of the Pacific war, then struck a mine before later commercial salvage disturbed the wreck.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
O 19 and O 20 finally gave the Dutch submarine force dedicated minelaying, and O 19 became one of Fremantle's most highly regarded boats.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The fast, deep-diving O 21 class entered the war among the world's most advanced submarines, but incomplete hulls split between Dutch and German service.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Dutch crews tried British U-, S-, and T-class boats, then repeatedly requested T-class submarines for their reliability, maintainability, and heavy torpedo battery.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Norway still counted pre-First World War A-class boats as active submarines in 1940, masking the absence of a credible modern replacement force.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Norway built six American-derived B-class boats under license, but a six-year production gap and an unchanged small design left most vulnerable to capture in 1940.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Exiled Norwegian crews regained an effective submarine arm in British U-class boats used for patrols, special operations, and covert support.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
A hypothetical handful of advanced long-range Dutch boats would cause extra damage but would not by itself overcome the fleet's shortage of hulls.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
No Japanese submarine purchase is identified because Japan was not actively marketing its boats to these foreign customers.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Submarines excel at denying waters to an enemy, but they contribute less directly to the sea-control missions that dominated much Allied naval strategy.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Norway's Kobben program reached fifteen useful submarines, but the later Ula and Type 212 generations settled at six boats each despite a vast coastline.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The Dutch are identified as the strongest of the four in anti-submarine doctrine and sustained institutional effort.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Brazil and Chile maintained submarine forces, illustrating the type's appeal as a mobile sea-denial weapon for coastal defense.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Losing five major Japanese carriers to Dutch submarines in December 1941 would have disrupted the advance and freed Allied capital ships to operate more aggressively.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Yes: O 16 struck Japanese invasion shipping in December 1941, sinking three vessels and damaging another before a mine destroyed the submarine.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Norway called the Sleipner class modern destroyers, but their displacement and armament placed them much closer to contemporary torpedo boats.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
A larger Dutch minelaying force could have damaged and delayed Japanese amphibious operations while steering ships into submarine ambushes.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The three-cylinder Dolfijn design offered useful internal volume, eight torpedo tubes, and torpedo-tube minelaying in an inventive postwar hull.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Estonian and Finnish submarine programs are best studied together because they developed against the same Soviet threat and influenced one another.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Dutch boats relied on British and American support and improvisation, but spare-parts shortages eventually pushed crews toward standardized Royal Navy submarines.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
The available year-only service lists make a single last boat difficult to identify, but Danish-operated examples appear to have lasted until about 1959.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Refloating a badly damaged new warship does not prove that its hull and systems are safe enough for operational service.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
A fleet of roughly ten Lembit-style minelaying torpedo submarines would have suited interwar Norway better, while a modern force needs more than six boats for its coastline.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·
Turkey operated British-built submarines delivered in 1942, while several neighboring states remembered for First World War boats lacked an equivalent wartime force.
From Submarines of the Minor Navys...Polish, Greek, Dutch & Norwegian Boats in WWII ·