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Pseudo Patreon British Aircraft Carrier development Since 1945 (as suggested by Kyle Hardman)
Study Pseudo Patreon British Aircraft Carrier development Since 1945 (as suggested by Kyle Hardman), a Dr. Alex Clarke video from 29 Apr 2021, with 63 time notes. Topics include Aircraft Carriers, Carrier Air Groups…
Time notes
- 11:51QuestionWhy did the Royal Navy keep so many older ironclads and pre-dreadnoughts until Fisher's reforms?AnswerQ&A
Fisher did not remove them all, and the Royal Navy retained a very large pre-dreadnought inventory that still served during the First World War.
- 13:20How the Royal Navy viewed itself in 1945Chapter
Later narratives of British decline are set against the Royal Navy's confidence in its technology and operating methods at the end of the Second World War.
- 15:44The Malta class and Britain's postwar carrier choiceChapter
The Royal Navy's 1945 carrier outlook shows what cancellation of the large Malta class removed from the postwar fleet.
- 24:44QuestionWhat aircraft would the Malta-class carriers have operated?AnswerQ&A
They would probably have begun with Firebrands and the contemporary late-war Fleet Air Arm group.
- 24:56QuestionHow did the Malta class compare with the American Midway class?AnswerQ&A
They were national counterparts converging on a large carrier that combined armor, fleet survivability, and a powerful strike air group.
- 25:47QuestionWould the Malta class have been viable for jet fighters and conversion to an angled flight deck?AnswerQ&A
Yes; its large hull and machinery would have given it strong potential for jet-age conversion.
- 26:48QuestionDid Britain's postwar debt and Attlee's other priorities make cancellation of the Malta class unavoidable?AnswerQ&A
They made the choice understandable, but Britain could instead have sold light carriers and concentrated resources on Malta.
- 27:40QuestionWhich aircraft appear in the Malta-class concept illustration?AnswerQ&A
The image appears to show Sea Furies, a twin-engine Sea Hornet or Sea Mosquito, a Westland Dragonfly, and perhaps Fulmars, though the artwork is not definitive.
- 30:12QuestionCould well-maintained Malta-class carriers have remained in service into the 1980s or 1990s like the Midway class?AnswerQ&A
Yes; their size and late-1940s completion date could plausibly have supported 30 to 40 years of jet-age service.
- 31:33QuestionWhy build Malta when Britain already had so many light-fleet carriers under construction?AnswerQ&A
The existing backlog made Malta politically difficult, but many light carriers were later exported and could have been traded for a smaller, more capable fleet.
- 35:39QuestionWould a surviving Malta-class fleet have operated Tomcats or another replacement for Phantom and Buccaneer?AnswerQ&A
He considers Tomcat unlikely and suggests Britain might have waited for a Hornet-family aircraft able to replace both Phantom and Buccaneer.
- 36:38QuestionCould the Audacious-class carriers have been cancelled or sold to help pay for Malta?AnswerQ&A
Yes; he considers that a plausible way to concentrate resources on the more capable Malta class.
- 37:05QuestionWould an improved Gannet have remained Britain's airborne-early-warning aircraft on a Malta-sized carrier?AnswerQ&A
Probably not necessarily; the larger deck could have supported the E-2 Hawkeye, removing the size-driven reason to persist with Gannet.
- 39:18Smaller carriers drive steam catapults and angled decksChapter
The Royal Navy's effort to operate heavier jets from light carriers leads into the steam catapult, angled flight deck, and mirror landing sight.
- 45:12Malta carriers as postwar diplomatic leverageNotable Point
Completing Malta promised combat power and greater British negotiating weight after the war.
- 46:58QuestionWhy was HMS Pioneer scrapped after only about ten years instead of being placed in reserve?AnswerQ&A
She was a specialized support carrier whose conversion was not worth the cost, and her light-fleet hull had been built for a short wartime service life.
- 48:21Britain trades carrier quantity for a technology edgeNotable Point
Postwar Britain compensated for a smaller fleet by pioneering carrier systems that the larger US Navy then adopted.
- 50:42The Hawker Siddeley P.139B carrier AEW conceptNotable Point
The proposed P.139B shows the scale and unusual shape required to place a powerful British AEW radar aboard a carrier aircraft.
- 55:26Nick Goodhart and the safer carrier landing systemChapter
Nick Goodhart's wartime engineering and flying experience culminates in a landing aid that sharply reduces carrier accidents.
- 1:02:36Colin Mitchell and the engineering behind steam catapultsChapter
A profile of civilian engineer Colin Mitchell explains the arresting-gear and steam-catapult work that enabled heavier carrier aircraft.
- 1:05:53Eric Brown tests the boundaries of carrier aviationChapter
Eric 'Winkle' Brown's record of deck operations shows how flight testing turned new carrier concepts into practical procedures.
- 1:08:07QuestionWhat scale and dimensions should be used for a model of the Hawker Siddeley P.139B?AnswerQ&A
The proposed aircraft was roughly 14 meters long with a 15-meter span, weighed about 20.4 tonnes gross, and used two turbofans around a large AEW radar fit.
- 1:10:29The Fleet Air Arm's 1945-to-Korea carrier air groupNotable Point
A compact aircraft survey shows how piston fighters, strike aircraft, and airborne early warning shared British carrier decks from 1945 into the Korean War era.
- 1:11:29QuestionWhy was Eric 'Winkle' Brown not promoted to rear admiral?AnswerQ&A
CVA-01's cancellation undercut his planned naval-attaché path, and his frustration with the decision contributed to his leaving the Navy.
- 1:12:35QuestionWhy did navies wait so long to adopt steam catapults despite already using steam machinery?AnswerQ&A
The system required reliable high-pressure storage, seals, and shipboard piping, and lighter early aircraft did not need that launch power.
- 1:14:01QuestionWould steam catapults have damaged early carrier aircraft?AnswerQ&A
Early aircraft did not need steam catapults; the system became necessary only when naval aircraft grew much heavier.
- 1:16:21The 1955 carrier force confronts jets and missilesChapter
By the mid-1950s the Royal Navy must fit larger jets and new air-defence ideas into a fleet dominated by smaller wartime carrier hulls.
- 1:23:54QuestionHow much larger was the Malta class than the Audacious class?AnswerQ&A
About 11,000 tons at standard displacement: roughly 47,600 tons for Malta versus 36,800 tons for Audacious.
- 1:25:12Five Royal Navy carriers deploy during the Suez CrisisNotable Point
The 1956 Suez deployment demonstrates that Britain still possessed carrier capacity matched by almost no navy except the United States.
- 1:27:14QuestionWhy did interwar naval procurement often avoid the cost escalation seen in modern programs?AnswerQ&A
The Admiralty retained specialist staff, naval constructors, its own yards, and a steady production rhythm that strengthened cost knowledge and industrial continuity.
- 1:30:29The Royal Navy's carrier air group by 1955Notable Point
The 1955 air group combines turboprop strike aircraft, day and all-weather jets, and Skyraider airborne early warning on Britain's increasingly constrained carrier decks.
- 1:32:49QuestionHow could a government-owned shipyard justify itself without showing a commercial profit?AnswerQ&A
It did not need shareholder profit, but it did need a steady workload that justified retaining the yard, workforce, and cost knowledge.
- 1:33:21QuestionDoes effective naval procurement depend on experienced career civil servants?AnswerQ&A
Yes; career specialists preserve the institutional memory needed to judge designs, costs, and suppliers across successive programs.
- 1:34:31QuestionWhy can an Australian-built submarine appear to cost far more than an off-the-shelf foreign design?AnswerQ&A
The domestic program includes technology transfer, local infrastructure, and adaptation to Australian operating requirements that the foreign-yard unit price leaves out.
- 1:38:37QuestionWas there ever a naval Sea Hunter?AnswerQ&A
No operational Sea Hunter was produced, although navalized studies existed and a hooked Hunter trainer supported Fleet Air Arm testing.
- 1:39:59Airborne early warning becomes the center of layered fleet defenceChapter
The early 1960s bring Soviet submarine pressure and a growing requirement to integrate airborne warning, command and control, and missile defence.
- 1:44:43QuestionHow could Australia have avoided the high cost and disruption of restarting submarine production?AnswerQ&A
It could have kept a slow continuous Collins-class build going, preserving skills and evolving the design instead of rebuilding the industrial base for each program.
- 1:49:28QuestionHow long could Australia have operated Invincible, and would it have bought Sea Harriers?AnswerQ&A
Australia would probably have acquired Sea Harriers, and Invincible could potentially have remained in service for decades.
- 1:50:06QuestionWas the Royal Navy's pivot toward narrower carrier duties caused by the small size of its ships?AnswerQ&A
Partly: smaller carriers lost capacity as aircraft grew, while Malta-sized ships could have sustained heavier strike and early-warning aircraft for much longer.
- 1:56:33QuestionWhat advantage would Malta's deck-edge lifts offer as carrier aircraft became larger?AnswerQ&A
Aircraft could overhang the ship's side while moving, and obsolete centerline lifts could later be removed to save weight and free hangar space.
- 1:58:42QuestionDid the large number of older carriers in service make it harder to fund new Malta-class ships?AnswerQ&A
Yes; the fleet looked sufficient on paper, but modernizing wartime carriers such as Victorious proved extensive and expensive.
- 1:59:36QuestionWhy did navies take so long to adopt deck-edge aircraft lifts?AnswerQ&A
Earlier centerline lifts were cheaper, strong, and compatible with armored hangars, while deck-edge lifts became more useful as aircraft size increased.
- 2:00:39QuestionDid the Malta design have enough freeboard and growth margin to operate modern aircraft into the 1980s?AnswerQ&A
He argues yes: its displacement margin, large hangars, and adaptable lift arrangement could have supported modernization into the 1990s.
- 2:01:44Inside a late-1950s British carrier air groupNotable Point
HMS Bulwark's embarked aircraft show how fighters, night interception, anti-submarine warfare, early warning, and rescue fit into one air group.
- 2:02:44QuestionWhy did the Royal Navy and US Navy not combine Malta and Midway into one unified carrier program?AnswerQ&A
They shared information but retained different national design concepts and operating styles, so each developed its own carrier.
- 2:03:38The limits of judging the unbuilt Malta classNotable Point
An unbuilt carrier cannot reveal the construction defects, operating problems, or conversion difficulties that fleet service might have exposed.
- 2:04:43QuestionHow did the Hawker Sea Hawk compare with Soviet fighters such as the MiG-19?AnswerQ&A
The MiG-19 outperformed it but was later and land-based; the MiG-17 is a fairer contemporary comparison, while the Sea Hawk carried more cannon ammunition.
- 2:13:01CVA-01 was planned as the center of a carrier-group systemChapter
CVA-01's dimensions and air group lead into the wider plan for four British carrier groups with air-defence destroyers, anti-submarine frigates, and auxiliaries.
- 2:18:24QuestionHow many different CVA-01 designs were developed?AnswerQ&A
Many; the displayed drawing is only one of the versions closest to the likely final design.
- 2:18:41QuestionWas the 'through-deck cruiser' label deliberately used to conceal an aircraft-carrier program from the government?AnswerQ&A
Only partly: ministers initially understood the ships as helicopter cruisers and did not fully appreciate the future purpose of the ski jump, while naval personnel recognized their carrier potential.
- 2:23:37Balancing carriers and amphibious ships for a medium powerNotable Point
A force-structure argument pairs strike carriers with aviation-capable amphibious ships to preserve deployable flight decks and independent reach.
- 2:28:04QuestionWithout the Harrier, would the through-deck cruisers have been only helicopter carriers?AnswerQ&A
Yes; Harrier was what gave them a practical fixed-wing carrier role.
- 2:28:53QuestionCould the Queen Elizabeth class be converted to an angled-deck CATOBAR carrier?AnswerQ&A
A conversion may be technically possible, but he would not recommend it because the current STOVL arrangement better fits Britain's force structure.
- 2:29:31QuestionHow capable was the Harrier in anti-submarine warfare?AnswerQ&A
It was not suitable for that role; Sea King helicopters provided the carrier group's practical ASW capability.
- 2:29:47QuestionCould Queen Elizabeth-class carriers use the deck beside the ski jump or electric launch equipment for drones?AnswerQ&A
The area beside the ski jump could support drone launches and uncrewed F-35 wingmen, although this remains a speculative use rather than a finalized system.
- 2:30:58QuestionWhat ratio of amphibious aviation ships to strike carriers would be most useful?AnswerQ&A
Two strike carriers and three LHDs is a plausible minimum; three carriers and four LHDs would provide stronger continuous availability.
- 2:37:13QuestionWhat carrier displacement best suits a country the size of Britain or France?AnswerQ&A
The useful size rises with the era: modern aircraft, sensors, support systems, and crew needs make a roughly Queen Elizabeth-sized carrier appropriate today.
- 2:40:45QuestionAre you underestimating a British government's willingness to sell off 20- or 30-year-old Malta-class carriers?AnswerQ&A
He thinks their operational visibility during late-Cold-War and post-Cold-War interventions would have made retention and replacement politically attractive.
- 2:43:16A possible anti-submarine P.139 familyNotable Point
The P.139 AEW airframe might have produced an anti-submarine variant during the Cold War.
- 2:44:45QuestionWould Britain have developed a naval version of the Tornado for a surviving large-carrier fleet?AnswerQ&A
Probably not as a straightforward conversion, because carrier landing loads would require major redesign of the undercarriage and surrounding airframe.
- 2:45:27QuestionWithout the Falklands War, would Margaret Thatcher probably have lost the next general election?AnswerQ&A
She was already on course to win, while the Falklands victory strengthened and cemented that advantage.
- 2:47:02Why early Chinese carriers should have problemsNotable Point
The first Chinese carriers are framed as deliberate learning platforms rather than finished expressions of fleet capability.
- 2:47:43QuestionCould Tornado's wide landing-gear track be strengthened with only minor changes for carrier use?AnswerQ&A
No; the shock loads must be carried through the surrounding airframe, so a credible conversion would require extensive structural redesign.