Video
What the Frigates up with our Frigates? A Bilgepumps Christmas 2025 @Drachinifel& @wgowshipping
Study What the Frigates up with our Frigates? A Bilgepumps Christmas 2025 @Drachinifel& @wgowshipping, a Dr. Alex Clarke video from 17 Dec 2025, with 56 time notes. Topics include Anti-Submarine Warfare, Constellation…
Time notes
- 4:50QuestionWhy did the US Navy choose a European design for Constellation, and how did that approach go wrong?AnswerQ&A
A mature FREMM derivative promised less development risk after LCS, but extensive American changes removed that advantage.
- 10:03QuestionHow is the British frigate program progressing, and what has Australia chosen for its lighter frigate?AnswerQ&A
Two British Type 26 hulls are described as afloat, while Australia has selected Mogami for the lighter role.
- 10:54QuestionIs there significant systems commonality between the British frigate designs Australia considered?AnswerQ&A
Clarke rejects extensive Type 26 and Type 31 commonality, citing different builders, design origins, and control systems.
- 11:46QuestionCould a replacement US frigate really launch in 2028, and which mature design could support that timetable?AnswerQ&A
Mercogliano considers the National Security Cutter the likely candidate, while the production pause and potential redesign leave the timetable uncertain.
- 13:52QuestionIs there still a role for an older frigate design amid drones and hypersonic missiles?AnswerQ&A
Clarke argues that Russian readiness problems make Black Sea losses an unreliable general test of the frigate, while Seidel stresses how much the threat has changed.
- 15:21The War of 1812 illustrates a reversal in frigate needsNotable Point
Powerful American heavy frigates and numerous British patrol frigates illustrate how a navy's wider fleet determines what its smaller ships must do.
- 17:07Korean construction and Marauder offer different routes to more hullsNotable Point
A South Korean design transfer and container-carrying autonomous vessels offer contrasting ideas for increasing American surface-ship numbers.
- 18:15Crewed frigates could command uncrewed escort groupsChapter
Future task groups could use crewed frigates and destroyers to provide command, deterrence, and human presence for uncrewed wingmen.
- 20:54QuestionWhat should a frigate's primary role be when requirements keep turning it into a destroyer?AnswerQ&A
The proposed division gives frigates anti-submarine warfare and destroyers area air defence, with secondary capabilities retained in both.
- 22:24A tethered radar must work above a moving warshipNotable Point
The Type 83's mooted tethered-drone radar shows how gaining sensor height creates difficult aviation, cable, weather, and station-keeping problems.
- 24:05Hypersonic missiles do not end the defence contestNotable Point
Hypersonic weapons are a grave threat within the recurring historical contest between offensive innovations and new counters.
- 26:05QuestionWhat might new US cruisers or Burke replacements contribute to the notional Golden Fleet?AnswerQ&A
Mercogliano's answer centers on larger, longer-ranged combatants supported by the replenishment ships needed for oceanic carrier movements.
- 28:31Procurement delay can age a design before it enters serviceNotable Point
The cutter alternative offers a buildable hull, but even that restart may leave the Navy waiting years for new frigates.
- 29:48Zumwalt's hull survived its failed mission systemsChapter
A conventional gun-and-VLS Zumwalt could have preserved a modern hull and avoided another disruptive return to Burke production.
- 31:16Guided-shell commonality can matter more than matching the gunNotable Point
A debate over Zumwalt's 155 mm gun separates common ammunition from sharing the expensive electronics inside guided shells.
- 32:19Red Sea air defence and underwater-drone surveillanceNotable Point
Mercogliano contrasts the requirements of drone-threatened merchant escort with a possible long-range underwater-drone threat.
- 33:17Competing accounts of submarine-community influenceNotable Point
Leadership appointments and branch identity prompt differing interpretations of surface-versus-submarine priorities.
- 34:33QuestionIs shifting resources toward submarines sensible if frigates no longer seem to serve a purpose?AnswerQ&A
Mercogliano rejects that premise: surface ASW and escort work still has a role, exemplified by the Knox and Perry classes.
- 36:15The LST 100 plan tests strict change controlNotable Point
A proposed LST 100-derived landing ship program is presented as a test of whether named ownership and tightly controlled change orders can preserve a foreign design.
- 37:24Iterative construction, unit costs, and fleet availabilityChapter
Chinese construction and British Astute and Type 45 examples connect repeated building to learning, cost, and the number of deployable ships.
- 40:39Workers can leave before the last cutter is finishedNotable Point
A class still being completed can already have lost the fabrication workers needed to start its next hull.
- 41:39QuestionWhat happens to the Coast Guard if its planned large-cutter fleet stops at ten instead of twelve?AnswerQ&A
The missing hulls matter more because the Offshore Patrol Cutter replacement program is also delayed, leaving aging cutters in service.
- 44:03QuestionCould legal action against contractors or state takeover of yards help resolve shipbuilding failures, as in wartime?AnswerQ&A
Mercogliano agrees with Seidel's historical comparison, but argues that contractor remedies also have to confront Navy requirements and oversight.
- 46:21Technical responsibility in earlier naval procurementChapter
Polaris, Nimitz-class carriers, and the Royal Navy's construction hierarchy provide examples of sustained program responsibility.
- 48:19Royal Dockyards gave the Navy an independent price checkNotable Point
State dockyards retained enough design and construction knowledge to challenge commercial estimates and test the true cost of a warship class.
- 50:21Outsourced design and resident NAVSEA oversightChapter
Mercogliano's shipyard-executive account links temporary naval architects and frequent change orders to a loss of continuous design responsibility.
- 53:07Type 83 shows the price of doing every escort jobNotable Point
Combining Type 26 quieting with Type 45 air-defence requirements would create an exceptionally capable but exceptionally expensive escort.
- 55:34QuestionDoes commercial shipbuilding help explain why China, Japan, and South Korea can deliver naval ships quickly?AnswerQ&A
The response treats commercial volume as an important part of the explanation, alongside clear roles and restraint over changes.
- 57:56Shipyard knowledge depends on people staying connectedNotable Point
Informal technical communities can share practical solutions, while distance between yards can obstruct that contact.
- 1:01:07A welder's paid hours are not all welding hoursNotable Point
An anecdote about a Navy secretary's Korean visit compares time spent welding with time absorbed by paperwork and other duties.
- 1:01:33Survivability rules impose fleet-level tradeoffsChapter
Battle-damage examples prompt a qualified argument about additional redundancy, ship size, and the number of hulls a fleet can build.
- 1:03:15Automation can support crews without removing their roleNotable Point
Automated boat handling and assisted firefighting illustrate the tension between labor-saving equipment and keeping full manual teams in place.
- 1:05:53Public-yard contraction and the shipbuilding workforceChapter
Mercogliano traces the workforce problem through private-yard dependence, post-Cold War contraction, and interrupted naval programs.
- 1:10:34HMS Lancaster's farewell reflects Type 23 contractionNotable Point
Lancaster's overseas farewell prompts concern about the visibility of frigate retirements and the absence of a royal ceremony.
- 1:15:12QuestionDid adapting FREMM to American practices trigger Constellation's cascading design changes?AnswerQ&A
Clarke emphasizes manning and damage-control changes; Drachinifel identifies an additional problem in demanding several variants' combat capabilities from one hull.
- 1:21:47Third-rate does not mean badly builtNotable Point
Age-of-sail ratings explain why a fleet needs well-built standard combatants and escorts as well as its most expensive first-rate ships.
- 1:23:23Survivability standards depend on the ship's missionNotable Point
The FREMM debate asks how differences in national construction standards should be judged against the intended escort role.
- 1:26:44Flower and Fletcher illustrate different escort expectationsNotable Point
World War II escort types provide an analogy for the mismatch between buying an affordable ASW ship and demanding a general-purpose destroyer.
- 1:28:41Consultants and institutional memory in ship designChapter
A historical yard-inspection example contrasts identifiable technical responsibility with the difficulties described in dispersed oversight.
- 1:30:14Personal accounts of impractical engineering changesNotable Point
Personal engineering anecdotes illustrate how technical objections can be lost when senior requests go unchallenged.
- 1:34:31F100 capabilities and the expanded Constellation requirementChapter
F100's weapons and radar resemble much of the expanded requirement, with shorter range and weaker ASW provision as explicit disadvantages.
- 1:36:50The Burke can become the default model for every surface shipNotable Point
The Burke-default hypothesis asks whether familiarity with one combatant has displaced clear thinking about a frigate's separate role.
- 1:39:04Type 26 and River illustrate the cost of an early eligibility ruleNotable Point
The requirement for a design already in service excluded Type 26, even though the later Canadian variant resembled the expanded American specification.
- 1:40:10Visitor facilities explain apparently excessive ship toiletsNotable Point
A personal account of a ministerial design discussion explains why visiting guests need facilities close to a reception area.
- 1:41:33Order commitments, pay, and shipyard capacityChapter
The capacity argument distinguishes a guaranteed multi-year workload from an aspiration to build more ships each year.
- 1:45:17A hypothetical second Type 45 batch spreads development costsNotable Point
An illustrative continuation of Type 45 uses a different launcher fit to explore the cost of extending a mature production run.
- 1:46:37Cancellation restarts the promise of more ships soonerNotable Point
The stated case for a replacement program repeats Constellation's original speed-and-numbers objective.
- 1:48:20QuestionWhat could the US Navy do with two Constellation frigates that lack a wider class?AnswerQ&A
The possibilities raised are test-bed service or transfer to an ally; no final use is established.
- 1:50:09Competing Freedom frigate concepts complicate the comparisonNotable Point
Different proposed LCS derivatives make it difficult to know which size, speed, and machinery assumptions a frigate comparison is using.
- 1:51:31Coast Guard capacity concerns about the cutter adaptationNotable Point
The concern is that adapting cutters for the Navy could leave the Coast Guard short while its other replacement program is delayed.
- 1:53:11A smaller cutter hull limits the replacement frigate's fitChapter
The cutter concept has potential as a smaller ASW escort, but fitting a deeper launcher would recreate some of Constellation's layout problems.
- 1:57:46ASROC and ESSM compete for a small frigate's launcher spaceNotable Point
A twelve-cell example shows how adding an anti-submarine weapon can reduce the self-defence magazine and prompt another request for a bigger hull.
- 2:00:06Technical literacy matters to procurement accountabilityNotable Point
VLS-cell counts and historic ship ratings provide examples of technical mistakes in public naval discussion.
- 2:02:40Different warship roles combine within a fleetChapter
Age-of-sail ratings become a model for modern carrier, destroyer, and frigate tiers whose different strengths combine in a task group.
- 2:03:59Heavier frigate guns required suitable hullsNotable Point
The response to American heavy frigates illustrates why increased armament called for larger or cut-down hulls.
- 2:06:17QuestionWhat should be included in the decision process for a future frigate?AnswerQ&A
Drachinifel's Warrior principle is to define the capability, verify the required systems, and then design a hull to contain them before building.