Panzerschiffe armed with 12-inch guns
Larger guns would not cure the Panzerschiffe's strategic limitations and might provoke a stronger British response.
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When Japan could detect enemy radar
Detecting a radar transmission and locating its source are different problems, both relevant to British night strikes in the Indian Ocean.
From Bruships 207: Naval History Questions Answered Live... ·
A 12,000-ton treaty cruiser with 9.2-inch guns
Higher treaty limits would push cruiser design toward 12,000-ton ships armed with 9.2-inch guns.
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Why Churchill lost the 1945 general election
Labour's strong reconstruction program and campaign organization defeated a Conservative effort still centered on running the war.
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The overlooked sloops and survey ships of naval history
Sloops and survey vessels enabled maritime operations through dangerous mapping work, while 64-gun ships remain overshadowed by the 74s.
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Warspite as a postwar diplomatic symbol
A counterfactual victory over Japan would make preserving Warspite a relatively cheap way to sustain British status and reshape Pacific-war memory.
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Swapping Allied cruisers and destroyers between theaters
British crews could bring several years of combat experience, routine zigzagging, and close-range night tactics to Guadalcanal.
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Why the Admiralty held accounts of Pacific battles
British and Australian personnel and intelligence links supplied the Admiralty with detailed accounts of major Pacific battles.
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When exercise habits delay wartime decisions
An Invincible Sea Dart engagement illustrates how a peacetime exercise limit can briefly influence a wartime firing decision.
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The modern US Marine Corps arrives in 1941
With its current weapons, the modern US Marine Corps would overwhelm opponents equipped for 1941.
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American submarines borrowing torpedoes from Singapore
British torpedoes at Singapore offer a possible supply for American submarines, although the technical arrangements are not developed.
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Hawker P.1121 as a British Phantom alternative
A continued P.1121 program could support an all-British carrier force, although its performance relative to the Phantom remains disputed.
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Why British Phantoms used Spey engines
The Spey installation supported carrier performance while also tying the Phantom purchase to British jobs and political support.
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A US submarine attacks Japan before Pearl Harbor
Sinking the Japanese carriers could spare Pearl Harbor, while Japanese attacks elsewhere would still bring war.
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Could 1935 engineers copy a Boeing 737?
A 1935 aircraft industry could learn greatly from a 737-200 but could not reproduce the aircraft directly.
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US cruisers and destroyers become British classes
The loss of familiar dual-purpose gun mountings would probably prompt rapid American rearmament of the British-design ships.
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Italy builds a sixteen-gun super-battleship
A four-quadruple-turret Italian battleship would require a 60,000-ton-plus hull and an industrial program visible years before completion.
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How national framing narrows naval history
A nationally bounded account can make familiar technology appear uniquely indigenous by omitting parallel developments elsewhere.
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Willis Lee promoted before Pearl Harbor
Earlier promotion would make Willis Lee available for additional wartime commands, but his eventual posting remains uncertain.
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Lexington class designed as an American Hood
A Hood-like Lexington battlecruiser would produce a somewhat larger carrier conversion with better subdivision and survivability.
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Rommel secretly aids the Allies in 1942
An early Rommel defection could collapse the Axis position in North Africa and later expose major weaknesses in Atlantic defenses.
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A 1940s revival of Japan's Number 13 design
A modernized Number 13 could deliver fast 18-inch-gunned battleships on a smaller and quicker-to-build basis than Yamato.
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American standard battleships become King George V-class ships
Replacing the old American standards with King George V-class ships would suddenly create a large 28-knot battle fleet.
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British requirements in a Crusader III counterfactual
A British Crusader III proposal needs clearer requirements, particularly if it includes an imagined large anti-ship missile.
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Renown-class battlecruisers built as Tiger follow-ons
A sustained Tiger line would give Britain more 15-inch fast ships and 9.2-inch cruisers before Jutland, threatening the German scouting group early in the battle.
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An Army troubleshooter fixes the Mark 14 torpedo
General Barnes is judged capable of fixing the Mark 14, despite the unusual decision to give an Army officer responsibility for a Navy weapon.
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Why torpedoes should not use chlorine trifluoride
A stronger oxidizer is useless if it makes an already dangerous torpedo lethal to its own crew.
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Why modern warships take longer to build
Modern warship construction depends on a smaller industrial base and the difficult integration of systems supplied by competing contractors.
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Why coercive pincer maneuvers risk collisions
Close pincer maneuvers magnify collision risk when their target has skilled crews and machinery ready for a sudden burst of speed.
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If Rogal Dorn died in Sanguinius's place
Exchanging Dorn and Sanguinius changes both the Siege of Terra's final defense and the institutions that survive the Horus Heresy.
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HMS Warspite in the Falklands War
A modernized Warspite would best serve the Falklands amphibious group as a headquarters and heavy gunfire-support ship.
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A temporary 40 percent speed boost for the Royal Navy
Five temporary speed boosts would let older British capital ships reach engagements and pursue faster opponents.
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Would Warspite be vulnerable to A-4 attacks at San Carlos?
San Carlos's terrain and careful positioning would restrict attack opportunities against a hypothetical Warspite, with consequences for the other ships' berths.
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A Typhoon-sized submarine with November-class technology
Combining Typhoon scale with first-generation Soviet nuclear-submarine technology would create an unsafe giant and provoke rival megaprojects.
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Using an anchor for a warship handbrake turn
A Royal Navy ship of the line used its anchor to pivot sharply in a fjord and rake an enemy frigate.
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A tripled Dutch naval budget before 1940
Triple funding from 1932 could support more Dutch destroyers and submarines alongside battlecruisers and possibly an aircraft carrier.
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How navies borrow weapons from other services
Wartime borrowing can be informal: captured Italian antiaircraft guns left in an Army depot soon appeared across Royal Navy escorts.
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Fleet construction without the Great Depression
Without the Depression, weaker pressure for restraint would produce more construction and a different London treaty, though the wider economy would not automatically be stronger.
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Falklands task groups and the need for an amphibious flagship
A large amphibious flagship could bring Clapp's staff and communications together while providing gunfire support, although Vanguard is a more plausible 1982 survivor than Warspite.
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Earlier 16-inch battleships without the Great Depression
Earlier building under a different London treaty could put Britain and America on a 16-inch-gun path before the historical 14-inch compromise.
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If Ming voyages continued into the sixteenth century
Continued Chinese oceanic voyages could exchange shipbuilding knowledge and transform Indian Ocean power politics.
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Why changing Jeune École takes more than one person
Preventing France's Jeune École turn would involve naval, press, and engineering advocates rather than a clearly identified single individual.
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US Atlantic submarines and the Allied division of effort
US Atlantic submarine operations lead into a comparison of Allied theater responsibilities and the difference between sea denial and sea control.
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Why the Nile may outrank Trafalgar
The destruction of France's Mediterranean squadron gives the Nile a claim to greater strategic importance than Nelson's more famous victory at Trafalgar.
From The Battle of the Nile 1798: Nelson's Most Decisive Victory ·
Failed invasion plans redirect France toward Egypt
French failures to cross the Channel turn an amphibious war against Britain into an indirect expedition toward Egypt and India.
From The Battle of the Nile 1798: Nelson's Most Decisive Victory ·
Perrée offers a French alternative to Villeneuve
The 1800 Battle of the Malta Convoy kills Jean-Baptiste Perrée, who may have been better suited to fleet command than Villeneuve.
From The Battle of the Nile 1798: Nelson's Most Decisive Victory ·
Napoleon's Egyptian expedition and its logistics trap
Napoleon's route toward Egypt and India depended on sea supply lines that the stronger Royal Navy was positioned to sever.
From The Battle of the Nile 1798: Nelson's Most Decisive Victory ·
Regular pay sustains the East India Company's military power
Dependable pay gives the East India Company a reliable fighting force and protects the military basis of its political influence.
From The Battle of the Nile 1798: Nelson's Most Decisive Victory ·