Apart from Japan, which non-Western power was most capable of possessing capital ships in the twentieth century?
Short answerSeveral states could buy them, but Russia and some South American or Ottoman cases varied sharply in their ability to build, maintain, and support them.
NotesPurchasing a battleship is different from possessing the industrial and institutional system needed to operate one. South American states acquired capital ships from foreign builders. Russia and the Ottoman Empire offer other cases, but their ability to build and support such vessels varied sharply. The comparison separates access to imported hulls from domestic yards, dockyard capacity, trained personnel, and long-term maintenance. The range of capable states broadens after the Second World War, with India among the powers able to support later capital ships.