Carrier aviation and industrial spillovers

Ark Royal, the Yorktown class, Implacable, and Midway represent different directions for carrier development. Continued programs could strengthen the case for earlier Royal Navy control of the Fleet Air Arm and push single-engine aircraft toward higher power-to-weight ratios because carrier deck and hangar space are scarce. Engine and aircraft research would employ specialists and could spread into motor and civilian industries. Secure contract workers are also more likely to spend wages locally, keeping money in circulation during an economic downturn. Bank deposits can return to circulation through lending, whereas cash kept at home does not. Many working-class households in the 1920s and 1930s lacked ordinary bank accounts, so uncertain income could lead to cash being kept at home instead of circulating through purchases.