A mountain barrier through the Low Countries could strengthen France's land frontier while reducing usable invasion ports and increasing the relative importance of French sea power.
Wartime frigates specialised in anti-submarine escort work, while destroyers had broader duties and usually heavier torpedo armament. Modern labels vary between navies.
Bureaucratic inertia and difficulty coordinating Air Ministry requirements with American procurement plans are the suggested explanation for the B-24E gap.
A Type 83 designed for regular worldwide deployment and genuine general-purpose capability could grow well beyond a North Atlantic air-defence destroyer.
Royal Navy class names normally remain distinct while ships overlap in service, making an E-class Type 83 a possibility rather than another City class.
The alternate-history premise keeps the RNAS fleet units under Royal Navy control, changing carrier operations, interwar choices, and the pace of aviation development.
Douhet's city-destruction vision and later nuclear weapons show how extreme arsenals changed the ceiling and ambiguity of conflict rather than ending war.
Air-power theory overlooks a practical naval problem: aircraft must land, rearm, and remain close enough to sustain reconnaissance and combat air patrols.
Some naval leaders assumed the RAF would train every pilot and make every aircraft carrier-capable, or that Admiralty influence could reverse the arrangement later.
The wartime RNAS supported fleets, anti-submarine patrols, air defence, and overseas stations, giving the Royal Navy an experienced aviation organization to preserve.
The wartime Fifth Sea Lord demonstrates that the Admiralty already treated aviation as a senior institutional responsibility, offering a leadership model for a retained fleet air arm.
Different treatment of spare engines and components made the RFC expect a surplus for strategic bombers while the RNAS saw only enough production to sustain aircraft already planned.
Calls to scrap battleships for aircraft in 1916 mistook long-term naval aviation potential for the limited torpedo and strike capability then available.
Aircraft at Jutland mattered most as radio-linked scouts and artillery spotters, but failed communications and Campania's absence limited their effect.
The proposed settlement retains a small ship-operating aviation core, including scouts and Cuckoo torpedo aircraft, while leaving most aviation to the new air service.
A retained naval air arm would build a network of fleet-supporting stations and use squadrons sized around sustained patrols, maintenance, and carrier damage control.
The alternate treaty scheme pairs larger fleet carriers with a separate class of roughly Hermes-sized scout carriers, multiplying the Royal Navy's carrier options.
An Admiralty reference to Cammell Laird as a large-carrier specialist supports a tentative theory that the yard studied converting an unfinished Admiral-class battlecruiser.