How the treaty defined capital ships and displacement

The treaty classified a newly built non-carrier warship above 10,000 tons, or one carrying guns above eight inches, as a capital ship. Its standard-displacement rule counted the fully manned and equipped ship but excluded fuel and reserve boiler feed water. The agreement also specified the long ton so national measurement practices could be compared on a common basis. These definitions mattered because naval architects had to make combat capability, infrastructure limits, and legal tonnage coexist inside one design.