Washington Treaty definitions and national carrier allowances

The Washington Naval Treaty measured standard displacement with crew, ammunition, equipment, provisions, and drinking water aboard, but excluded fuel and reserve feed water. Its ordinary carrier limit was 27,000 tons, while cumulative allowances restricted how many ships each navy could build. Britain and the United States could each fit five carriers of that size into their allowance, and Japan three. France and Italy each had 60,000 tons, enough for two carriers at the maximum size or three of 20,000 tons. The 10,000-ton threshold left room for smaller carriers outside that accounting.