Which navy's submarines suffered most under treaty limits

Which navy was most adversely affected in submarines by the naval treaties?

Britain gave up the most momentum because it had the world's largest and perhaps most advanced submarine arm, but no signatory was close enough to the limit to be severely constrained in actual construction.

The Royal Navy entered the period with substantial numerical and technical strength below the surface. Later London restrictions discouraged investment and growth that might otherwise have continued. Even so, paper limits did not force a dramatic immediate scrapping crisis because fleets remained below their allowances. The main loss was foregone development rather than the elimination of an existing operational force.