If gas turbines eliminate the boilers, what supplies steam for an aircraft carrier's catapults?
Short answerInterwar catapults were mainly hydraulic; later carriers could retain a dedicated boiler or pursue stronger hydraulic or electrical launch systems.
NotesRemoving propulsion boilers does not make carrier aviation impossible. A carrier could retain a small dedicated boiler or use an electric-drive arrangement, while the interwar catapults relevant to this scenario were mainly hydraulic rather than steam-powered. The real design problem arrives with heavier postwar aircraft, when a boiler-free fleet would need stronger hydraulics, dedicated steam generation, or a new electrical launch system. The answer separates the 1930s carrier question from the later development of steam catapults.