Did treaty standard displacement include the weight of embarked aircraft?
Short answerIn principle, yes: aircraft formed part of the carrier's equipment, while fuel was excluded from standard displacement.
NotesStandard displacement measured a fully crewed and equipped vessel without fuel aboard. Embarked aircraft therefore counted in principle because they formed part of a carrier's equipment rather than its expendable fuel load. The definition mattered because every excluded or ambiguously counted weight created design room under the treaty ceiling. Water also belonged to the later dispute over whether liquid carried inside protection spaces should count as armor or as an excluded consumable.