Does any science fiction distinguish ship-construction yards from repair yards?
Short answerYes; Empire Rising separates their roles and places repair capacity where damaged ships can be handled without approaching a planet.
NotesEmpire Rising distinguishes shipbuilding yards from repair yards and gives them different roles. Repair facilities sit farther above a planet, outside its atmosphere. A damaged ship may be unsuitable to bring through an atmosphere or even close to a planet. The location of repair capacity depends partly on the condition of the ships expected to use it.