If airborne ASW is best, why do navies still invest heavily in expensive shipborne sonar?
Short answerAircraft are faster and mobile, but ships supply persistence and area defense; combining their sensors and weapons produces the strongest ASW system.
NotesAircraft can move quickly between sensor positions and provide extra bearings to help locate a submarine. A frigate supplies persistence and can defend a point, while its towed array may provide the first indication that a submarine is present. Both ships and aircraft can pursue and attack a contact, but combining their positions and capabilities makes the task more effective. A helicopter can carry the torpedo toward the submarine while the larger ship and its crew remain farther away. That separation avoids bringing the frigate unnecessarily close to a submarine's firing range.