The stability concern with 16-inch submarine guns

Could an M-class-style modern submarine carry 406 mm or 16-inch guns?

Such a gun could overturn a modern submarine, although that concern would need calculation. Modern boats have a different surface-stability profile from older submersibles.

A suggestion to fit an M-class-style submarine with 406 mm guns prompts a warning about recoil and stability. A 16-inch gun could make a modern submarine roll over, though the exact result would require calculation. Earlier submarines spent much of their lives surfaced and were shaped more like submersible surface ships. Modern boats are optimized for submerged operation, so historical gun-submarine precedents cannot be transferred without redoing the stability analysis.