When did the main burden of ASW shift from shipboard sensors and weapons to submarines and helicopters?
Short answerIt never shifted completely: helicopters and submarines expanded the system, but ships still provide important sensors, processing, coordination, and weapons.
NotesASW never shifted completely from ships to submarines and helicopters. A helicopter may carry sensors and weapons while sending its detections back to a frigate or destroyer for processing. Royal Navy Merlin helicopters can also process information aboard the aircraft and share it with the ship. The balance varies by navy and system architecture rather than following a single historical handover date. Modern ASW distributes sensing, processing, coordination, and weapons across several platforms.