Modernizing the battleship Revenge requires recovering roughly 4,000 tons without losing the qualities that make the refit worthwhile. Hydraulic steering, improved shafts, and double-hull torpedo protection are retained. The design accepts fewer than the preferred sixteen 16.5-inch guns in exchange for workable displacement, strong firepower, and a high rate of fire. Armour, turret arrangement, and machinery are judged against pitch, stability, and weight throughout the refit. The process redistributes a fixed displacement under firm constraints.
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Modernizing a battleship within its weight limits
A Revenge refit balances gun calibre, firing rate, hull protection, stability, and thousands of tons of excess displacement.