Turtle-ship timber and wooden fastenings

What timber and fastening methods were used in turtle ships?

They likely used thick pine hull timbers with oak pegs and masts; the wooden pegs swelled in water and strengthened the joints without rusting.

The reconstruction described in the answer uses the same broad material logic as panokseon construction. Pine was available and left partly seasoned for flexibility, but its knots required thicker scantlings; stronger, heavier oak was reserved for pegs and masts. Oak pegs expanded as they absorbed water, tightening the structure without the corrosion problems of iron nails. These choices matched ships built for Korean coastal currents and maintainable with local resources.