Mitchell expected to lead the Air Service after returning from France in 1919, but Pershing appointed Major General Charles T. Menoher. Mitchell initially directed the flying component before Menoher's reorganization moved him into training and operations. The expiry of wartime agencies and the reduction of temporary ranks affected both men. Congress subsequently recognized the Air Service as a combat arm, and Mitchell transferred into it as its senior colonel. His assistant-chief appointment carried brigadier-general rank, giving him influence while leaving him subordinate to Menoher.
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Postwar demobilization reshapes Mitchell's Air Service career
Demobilization and congressional reorganization left Mitchell as an influential subordinate, with permanent colonel's rank and a temporary brigadier-general appointment.