Why navies moved from coal to oil

Did navies adopt pulverized-coal systems like land power stations?

Not widely; oil became attractive first because it saved space, labor, and crew while fitting warship tanks more efficiently.

By the time efficient pulverized-coal systems were becoming practical ashore, navies had found a more attractive shipboard fuel in oil. Oil removed the labor-intensive requirement to coal ship and reduced the number of sailors needed to handle fuel. It could be pumped into irregular tanks and protective spaces that solid coal could not use efficiently. Those storage gains also left more room for crew accommodation and other military functions. Coal therefore remained bulky and awkward aboard warships even when industrial combustion methods improved its performance on land.