How might practical aerial refueling at the start of World War II have changed the bombing campaigns?
Short answerIt would have made distant strategic targets more accessible, encouraging Britain to concentrate on Axis oil supplies and Germany to reach deeper Soviet industry.
NotesPractical aerial refueling would have changed which strategic targets were reachable from existing airfields. Britain would likely focus sustained attacks on the oil fields supporting Germany, while Germany could reach industrial centers deeper inside the Soviet Union. This identifies likely target priorities without claiming that refueling alone would decide either campaign.