What would a Bismarck designed around naval-treaty limits look like?
Short answerIt might retain the broad German design approach, but fitting it within a real 35,000-ton limit would force either greater efficiency or a substantially weaker ship.
NotesA treaty-compliant ship could retain a broadly recognizable German design, possibly continuing the Scharnhorst approach if treaty participation brought construction forward. The difficulty is fitting Bismarck's engineering inefficiencies inside a genuine 35,000-ton limit. Declared displacement figures were becoming less credible as the treaty system broke down from 1937 onward. Keeping those inefficiencies in a smaller ship would force substantial reductions in fighting capability. Improving efficiency could preserve more capability, although the resulting design would differ from the historical Bismarck.