The technologies that remade navies from 1815 to 1914

What were the key naval developments between 1815 and 1914?

Steel ships, engines, fire control, torpedoes, reduction gearing, and precision industrial machining collectively transformed naval construction and combat.

Steel construction changed hulls, while engines and turbines changed their mobility. Fire control and torpedoes altered how ships fought. Chromium alloying and large-scale precision machining are also named as part of the industrial transformation. Reduction gearing illustrates the precision involved: turbine speeds measured in thousands of revolutions per minute had to be reduced to dozens while transmitting tens or hundreds of thousands of horsepower. The machinery that made those reductions possible mattered alongside the more visible changes in ships and weapons.