In a Japan-to-Italy-to-Germany-to-Japan technology exchange, what would be most useful to each recipient?
Short answerJapanese shell quality control for Italy, Italian aerial torpedoes for Germany, and German synthetic-fuel or radar technology for Japan.
NotesThe most useful transfers address bottlenecks instead of supplying glamorous complete weapon systems. Italy benefits from Japanese shell quality control, while Germany gains from Italian aerial-torpedo development. Japan's greatest need lies in German industrial processes for turning coal into oil or in radar technology. The choice between fuel and radar shows how resource scarcity and information systems both constrained Japanese naval power.