How much early aircraft-carrier knowledge did Britain share with Japan before the Washington treaty era?
Short answerSome concepts were shared, but Japan also built on its own seaplane operations and parallel experimentation while British doctrine was still evolving.
NotesBritain and Japan shared some concepts while the Anglo-Japanese Alliance existed, but less finished carrier knowledge than is sometimes assumed. British experimentation was still continuing and offered no complete doctrine for transfer. Japan already had naval-air experience of its own, including seaplane operations during the siege of Tsingtao. Major wartime capabilities often grow from many earlier small experiments while technology catches up with longstanding ideas.