Did capital-ship steering and bridge positions really lack windows, or is that a film convention?
Short answerThe helmsman could steer to ordered headings using information from the navigator and officer of the deck, without needing a view through a window.
NotesHMCS Haida's enclosed steering space has no windows and uses brass to avoid interfering with the compass. The helmsman follows headings supplied by the officer of the deck and navigator. Their charts include underwater hazards that would remain invisible through a window, such as rocks beneath apparently clear water. The arrangement therefore gives protected steering priority over a direct view from the wheel.