Vanguard's turrets and the capacity to build successors

Did Vanguard's reused turrets prevent Britain from building more Vanguard-like ships?

No; they helped speed Vanguard, but British yards could build other turret types if capacity were available.

The answer accepts that reused guns and turrets accelerated Vanguard, but says they were not an insurmountable limitation. Her turrets were reconditioned and modified in any case, and British yards were already capable of producing quadruple turrets for King George V-class ships. Those facilities could manufacture a different turret if a successor programme received capacity and priority. The deeper question is what construction work those yards were doing instead.