Would Littorio have survived the same hits at sea?

Would Littorio have been a total loss if it had suffered the same torpedo damage at sea?

Probably. The shallow harbour bottom limited the flooding; at sea, the same three hits would have been much more likely to sink her.

Littorio's position on the harbour bottom limited flooding from a stern hit, while Conte di Cavour similarly benefited from shallow water. Three comparable hits in deep water would probably have caused Littorio to founder. A moving ship at sea would have been harder to hit in the first place. The likely survival result therefore depends on separating the damage inflicted from the conditions under which the ship received it.