Surface ships can use submarine-like control fins

Have surface ships used devices similar to submarine dive planes to improve stability?

Yes. Some ships use deployable control surfaces that project into the water for stability and retract toward the hull when not needed.

Dive planes are usually associated with submarines, but related appendages have been used on surface ships to improve stability. These devices deploy into the water and then fold or retract back toward the hull. On a surface ship their purpose is to damp motion rather than control depth. Ship stabilisers can therefore use the same basic hydrodynamic principle as submarine control surfaces.