What limits the size of a supercarrier

Is there a practical size limit for fuel-oil supercarriers?

Yes; the limiting factors include docks, construction and launch capacity, and the ability to fuel and operate the carrier.

The proposed upper figure of about 150,000 tons is framed as a practical infrastructure limit rather than a purely naval-design calculation. A navy must possess a building dock and industrial plant large enough to assemble the hull. It must then launch or float the ship out, provide dry-dock access through its service life, and supply enormous quantities of fuel. Construction capability, port infrastructure, and operating budgets therefore limit carrier growth alongside hull strength and stability.