Why one lost supercarrier would not automatically break US naval prestige

Would the loss of one supercarrier shatter the United States Navy's prestige?

No. The fleet has depth, and the damage to its reputation would depend far more on the cause of the loss and the response that followed.

A single carrier loss would not by itself shatter the United States Navy because the fleet has other carriers and institutional depth. The political and military consequences would depend heavily on whether the cause was a submarine, a new hypersonic weapon, or another failure. A familiar threat might imply preventable errors, while an emerging weapon could be understood as a danger every navy was still learning to counter. Short-ranged carrier aircraft and overdependence on a single aircraft family may be a more persistent operational weakness than the symbolic shock of one lost hull.