Were U.S. submarines the decisive part of the battle because they sank two major Japanese carriers?
Short answerThey had a decisive long-term impact, but the immediate turning point was the destruction of Japanese land-based air before it could support the fleet.
NotesThe submarine sinkings were decisive for Japan's long-term carrier strength, but they were not the battle's primary turning point. The early destruction of Japanese land-based aircraft removed the force meant to reinforce the carrier strikes and pushed the fleet toward retreat. The submarines then imposed lasting losses on a force already deprived of its intended air support.