Submarine teams have more practice sharing designs

The comparison of American design teams is a personal observation about collaboration. The surface community is described as treating Arleigh Burke standards as its reference point for new designs. Submarine designers have worked across Seawolf, several Virginia batches, Ohio, and Columbia, giving them experience with different designs. Joint British-American development of submarine missile-launch modules also required agreement on shared standards. That experience is offered as a reason submarine teams appear more accustomed to accommodating an external partner.