Who would win between España-class ships and two South American dreadnoughts with supporting fleets?
Short answerThe South American force, owing to stronger ships and crews more likely to become effective when facing an external enemy.
NotesThe South American side has the advantage despite recurring disputes and mutinies inside the Brazilian and Argentine fleets. The important distinction is between peacetime factional conflict and behavior under an external threat. Brazilian crews in particular could set internal quarrels aside when a foreign opponent appeared and then work together effectively. España's service history exposed deeper problems of command, officer relations, and political loyalty. Stronger South American ships and their capacity for wartime cohesion outweigh their turbulent internal culture in this hypothetical engagement.