Why Sinop did not simply end the wooden warship

The Ottoman frigates destroyed at Sinop were not equivalent to contemporary ships of the line. Their defeat also reflected force composition, readiness, and tactical position, much as the War of 1812 showed that powerful frigates still struggled against heavier line-of-battle construction. A razee retained the heavy timbers and gun capacity of its ship-of-the-line origins, which shows why nominal gun counts did not erase structural differences. Sinop belongs in the transition toward steam and armour, but it cannot by itself prove that explosive shells immediately invalidated every wooden capital ship.