Sidney Smith's joint campaigns in Naples and Lisbon

As a rear admiral, Smith supported the Bourbon cause in southern Italy and organized British and Calabrian forces for a campaign north of Naples. His plan contributed to victory at Maida but was abandoned after a change of command. At Lisbon he faced orders either to preserve the Portuguese fleet or destroy it before French capture, and he arranged its departure for Rio de Janeiro. Smith then planned further operations with Portuguese resources in South America, reinforcing both his reputation for initiative and official suspicion of commanders who acted beyond instructions.