Shellfire, torpedoes, and battleship sinkings

Were any battleships actually sunk by shellfire?

Some were, especially pre-dreadnoughts, but torpedoes often delivered the coup de grâce after shellfire had made recovery impossible.

Some pre-dreadnoughts were sunk directly by shellfire, while other capital ships were finished with torpedoes after gunfire had made recovery impossible. In the latter cases, the torpedo delivered the coup de grâce without necessarily being the weapon that decided the action. A follow-up lists gunfire losses including Invincible, Queen Mary, Hood, Yamashiro, Kirishima, and Scharnhorst, while noting that Scharnhorst also received torpedo hits. The distinction matters when judging whether a weapon caused the loss or completed an already decisive defeat.