How much of Russia's submarine force was likely operational in early 2022?
Short answerRussia retained a fairly substantial operational submarine force, supported by budget priority and continuing construction and upgrades.
NotesThe Russian submarine arm appeared more credible than capabilities that had suffered more obvious neglect. Submarines continued to receive funding priority. Regular construction and modernization added and upgraded boats over time. This is a broad readiness judgment rather than a hull-by-hull count.