Why Bismarck's loss mattered more than Hood's

Was losing Hood and a Tribal-class destroyer a greater disaster than Germany losing Bismarck?

No; Britain had a deep capital-ship and destroyer inventory, while Bismarck represented roughly a quarter of Germany's new capital ships.

The human and experienced-crew losses remained severe, but the Royal Navy possessed many capital ships and more under construction. One ship is a fragile capability, while a larger force can sustain availability and losses. Bismarck represented about a quarter of Germany's new capital-ship program, so her loss removed a disproportionate share of usable strength. Britain's harder-to-replace loss was trained people and accumulated experience rather than hull numbers alone.