Renown's encounter with Scharnhorst and Gneisenau

What explains the outcome of Renown's encounter with Scharnhorst and Gneisenau?

Renown's long-range hits and determined approach encouraged the German ships to disengage rather than risk a closer fight.

Scharnhorst and Gneisenau rapidly preferred distance to a prolonged fight with Renown. Her 15-inch guns had already demonstrated effective long-range fire, while her approach conveyed an opponent ready to press the engagement. The example shows how gunnery, speed and command judgement can matter before a decisive exchange develops.