Was Kaiser Wilhelm II as reluctant as Hitler or Napoleon to see major warships damaged?
Short answerHe also disliked ship losses, but a fleet in being could still tie down enemy forces; that logic became less effective as air power made ports vulnerable.
NotesThe Kaiser's reluctance to risk ships resembled the later preservation problem, though it also fit fleet-in-being logic. A smaller force can impose costs simply by remaining credible, because the stronger navy must retain ships to watch it. That logic weakens once aircraft extend striking range into anchorages and make passive concealment or port refuge less reliable. The strategic distinction is between preserving a fleet so that it constrains the enemy and preserving it so completely that it ceases to influence events.