Were Japanese admirals mainly educated in Britain and at Annapolis, or trained in Japan?
Short answerThey were primarily products of strong Japanese naval academies, with some officers also studying or observing overseas.
NotesThe Imperial Japanese Navy developed most of its senior talent through substantial domestic academies. Some officers visited or studied in Britain, the United States, Germany, and elsewhere, but overseas education supplemented rather than replaced Japanese training. Prince Fushimi's German connections are one example of that foreign exposure. The IJN adapted international ideas through its own professional institutions.