What would a 9-pound cannonball from an Age-of-Sail gun do to the island of USS Midway?
Short answerFirst it would have to hit that high; on impact, it might penetrate some steel or lodge partly in it, depending on the exact structure struck.
NotesThe first difficulty is placing a period cannonball high enough to hit the carrier's island. If the shot connected, it might retain enough force to enter the steel, though a clean perforation is uncertain and the ball could instead lodge partly in the structure. The result depends on the exact part of the island struck, making this a question about target geometry and local construction as much as raw projectile energy.