Did naval factions over innovation and conservatism follow party-political lines?
Short answerNot reliably. Technology views crossed party lines, and Sea Lords gradually became professional officers expected to serve through changes of government.
NotesTechnological conservatism and political conservatism were not the same alignment: a Tory might advocate modernization while a Liberal might defend tradition. Over time, Sea Lords increasingly remained through government changes as professional servants of the nation. The transition remained uneven, with some officers still resigning or being dismissed when party allegiance outweighed professional continuity. Loyalty to the Crown supplied an institutional identity separate from loyalty to the ministry of the day.