What should we make of Churchill's plans to invade the Netherlands during World War I?
Short answerMost versions sought northern Belgium or Germany's North Sea flank through Dutch waters, creating a neutrality problem, while some studies existed chiefly to show why the operation should not be attempted.
NotesThese plans are often described too simply as invasions of the Netherlands. Many aimed at northern Belgium or the German North Sea coast but required passage through Dutch waters, which would violate or severely strain Dutch neutrality. Staffs also write plans to show that they considered an option and to record why they rejected it. A surviving paper plan shows analysis, but it does not prove settled intent. The same caution applies to Fisher's language about invading Pomerania. His bombastic public style may have concealed a more limited objective centered on blockade and naval pressure. Unrealized ship designs require the same care when used as evidence of intent.