What if Britain invested more in seaplane and aircraft carriers before World War I?
Short answerIf the work produced practical Hermes-style carriers and aircraft, Britain would begin the war with a more capable strike force that could disrupt German fleet deployment.
NotesSpending more did not guarantee a mature carrier force. If Britain obtained proper Hermes-style carriers and workable torpedo aircraft before 1914, it could launch a much larger opening-war strike such as an attack on Wilhelmshaven. Early aerial torpedoes might still fail to score hits, but the raid itself would force Germany to take naval air attack seriously. A sufficiently alarming strike might push German units through the Kiel Canal into the Baltic for protection, changing deployment even without sinking a ship.