In this historical usage, pensioners were experienced soldiers retired from regular service but kept on a retainer. They could be much younger than the word suggests today, with many estimated here to be in their thirties or forties. Defending a fortified position did not require the marching expected of field troops. Experience and reliability could make these men suitable for garrison duty.
Notable Point · 2:24:44
Who the pensioners defending Jacobite-era castles really were
In this historical usage, pensioners were experienced soldiers retained for garrison duty, not simply elderly civilians.