How much harder would Pearl Harbor be for Japan if the US Navy had studied a successful Wilhelmshaven carrier strike?
Short answerThe precedent would make weak base defences harder to justify, although the reply still allows for underfunding and leaves the particular precautions open.
NotesA successful Wilhelmshaven strike would give American planners a concrete example of a fleet losing half its strength in harbor. Claims that a base was secure would have to confront that precedent. The counterfactual therefore gives a much stronger reason to prepare against carrier attack. Funding could still fall short, and the particular defensive response is left open.